Alternate bearing, the cyclic pattern of heavy and light fruit crops in fruit species, is a complex phenomenon influenced by both internal and external influences in an orchard. The impact of direct interactions practically realized through grafting and indirect interactions, which would be practically realized through pollination between two plants using the resource budget model was introduced in Prasad et al. (2017). We have observed a fascinating phenomenon in our study, where the introduction of (direct and indirect) within a coupled map lattice not only fosters intricate dynamics but also gives rise to the intriguing concept of anti-synchronization. This remarkable phenomenon entails a synchronized pattern among paired plants, wherein one plant yields a crop in a given year while the other plant in the subsequent year. In an orchard comprising trees, grafting, and pollination result in a distinct temporal pattern. Specifically, during a given period, approximately trees undergo an on-year, while the remaining trees experience an off-year. This cyclic alternation enables the total production of trees to remain constant each year. We utilized two coupled tent map systems to derive the condition for the stability of the onset of the anti-synchronization state analytically. Our findings demonstrate that the strength of interaction plays a significant role in the occurrence of anti-synchronization thereby controlling alternate bearing. In general, our results provide insights into the interactions involved in the phenomenon of alternate bearing in an orchard and may have practical implications for sustainable and efficient crop production.

中文翻译：

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果园的持续生产：基于交互的方法

交替结果，即水果品种中重果类作物和轻果类作物的循环模式，是果园中受内部和外部影响的复杂现象。Prasad 等人介绍了通过嫁接实际实现的直接相互作用和通过使用资源预算模型在两种植物之间授粉实际实现的间接相互作用的影响。（2017）。我们在研究中观察到了一个令人着迷的现象，其中在耦合图晶格中引入（直接和间接）不仅促进了复杂的动力学，而且还产生了有趣的反同步概念。这种显着的现象需要配对植物之间的同步模式，其中一种植物在特定年份生产作物，而另一种植物在随后的一年生产作物。在有树木的果园中，嫁接和授粉会产生独特的时间模式。具体来说，在给定的时期内，大约有树木经历一年，而其余的树木则经历小年。这种循环交替使得每年的树木总产量保持不变。我们利用两个耦合的帐篷图系统来分析推导反同步状态开始的稳定性条件。我们的研究结果表明，相互作用的强度在反同步的发生中起着重要作用，从而控制交替轴承。总的来说，我们的结果提供了对果园交替结果现象所涉及的相互作用的见解，并且可能对可持续和高效的作物生产具有实际意义。