Recent years have witnessed a rise in interest in the geometrical trinity of General Relativity and its extensions. This interest has been fuelled by novel insights into the nature of gravity, the possibility to address computational and conceptual questions—such as the determination of black hole entropy or the definition of gravitational energy–momentum—from a new perspective. In particular, gravity has also inspired numerous works on black holes, wormholes, and cosmology. In the latter case, models have the potential to elucidate phenomena in both early and late-time cosmology without necessitating the inclusion of dark energy, the inflaton field, or dark matter. Particularly noteworthy is the role of theories in addressing cosmological tensions, presenting exciting possibilities for reshaping our understanding of gravity and its manifestations in cosmology. The emergence of intriguing new black hole solutions and the potential existence of wormhole solutions suggest the presence of novel physics within the realm of strong gravity. These phenomena have become increasingly measurable only in recent times, opening up exciting avenues for further exploration and discovery. This review is tailored to students and researchers alike. It offers a self-contained and pedagogical introduction to metric-affine geometry—The mathematical foundation and indispensable tool upon which the geometrical trinity of General Relativity as well as its various extensions are built.

中文翻译：

---

f(Q)引力回顾

近年来，人们对广义相对论的几何三位一体及其扩展的兴趣日益浓厚。这种兴趣是由对引力本质的新颖见解、从新的角度解决计算和概念问题（例如黑洞熵的确定或引力能量动量的定义）的可能性所推动的。特别是，引力还激发了许多有关黑洞、虫洞和宇宙学的研究。在后一种情况下，模型有可能阐明早期和晚期宇宙学中的现象，而无需包含暗能量、暴胀场或暗物质。特别值得注意的是理论在解决宇宙学张力方面的作用，为重塑我们对引力及其在宇宙学中的表现的理解提供了令人兴奋的可能性。有趣的新黑洞解决方案的出现以及虫洞解决方案的潜在存在表明强引力领域内存在新颖的物理学。这些现象直到最近才变得越来越可测量，为进一步探索和发现开辟了令人兴奋的途径。这篇评论是为学生和研究人员量身定制的。它提供了对度量仿射几何的独立且教学性的介绍——广义相对论的几何三位一体及其各种扩展的数学基础和不可或缺的工具。