An unmanned Autonomous and Remotely Operated Vehicle (ARV), Haidou‐1, visited the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, and performed observation, sampling and bathymetric mapping explorations at the trench bottom. The Haidou‐1 vehicle reached a depth of 10,908 m in the west pool of the Challenger Deep and probed a depth of 10,909 m in the east pool. The 2600 kg underwater robotic vehicle could conduct survey missions with full autonomy and can also be remotely operated through a light fiber tether. Haidou‐1 carries an electric manipulator to implement lightweight intervention tasks. The fiber‐optical tether enables long‐distance real‐time high‐bandwidth communication at full‐ocean depth, thereby providing situational awareness and remote intervention. The hybrid concept we defined for the Haidou‐1 vehicle refers to three typical working modes: Autonomous Underwater Vehicle mode, Remotely Operated Vehicle mode, and ARV mode. There is no need to change any structural configuration at sea to meet the needs of multidisciplinary oceanographic investigation. This paper reports the overview design of Haidou‐1. Practical field trials at the Challenger Deep were conducted to validate the feasibility and performance of the developed system. In the aggregate, eight dives exceeded 10,000 m counting all three operation modes. Some of the initial results are presented including the high‐resolution bathymetric map created by Haidou‐1 onboard sonar, and no similar results have been found yet.

中文翻译：

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Haidou‐1 混合动力水下航行器用于马里亚纳海沟 10,908 m 深度的科学探索

无人遥控潜水器（ARV）Haidou-1访问了马里亚纳海沟的挑战者深渊，并在海沟底部进行了观测、采样和测深测绘勘探。海斗一号探测器在挑战者深渊西池深度达到10,908 m，在东池探测深度10,909 m。这款重达 2600 公斤的水下机器人车辆可以完全自主地执行勘测任务，还可以通过光纤系绳进行远程操作。Haidou-1搭载电动机械臂，可实现轻量级干预任务。光纤系绳可以在整个海洋深度进行长距离实时高带宽通信，从而提供态势感知和远程干预。我们为 Haidou-1 潜水器定义的混合概念指的是三种典型的工作模式：自主水下航行器模式、远程操作航行器模式和 ARV 模式。无需改变海上任何结构形态即可满足多学科海洋调查的需要。本文报告了 Haidou-1 的总体设计。在挑战者深渊进行了实际现场试验，以验证所开发系统的可行性和性能。算上所有三种操作模式，总共有 8 次潜水超过 10,000 米。一些初步结果被提出，包括由 Haidou-1 机载声纳创建的高分辨率测深图，但尚未发现类似的结果。