Non-destructive processing of powders into macroscopic materials with a wealth of structural and functional possibilities has immeasurable scientific significance and application value, yet remains a challenge using conventional processing techniques. Here we developed a universal fibration method, using two-dimensional cellulose as a mediator, to process diverse powdered materials into micro-/nanofibres, which provides structural support to the particles and preserves their own specialties and architectures. It is found that the self-shrinking force drives the two-dimensional cellulose and supported particles to pucker and roll into fibres, a gentle process that prevents agglomeration and structural damage of the powder particles. We demonstrate over 120 fibre samples involving various powder guests, including elements, compounds, organics and hybrids in different morphologies, densities and particle sizes. Customized fibres with an adjustable diameter and guest content can be easily constructed into high-performance macromaterials with various geometries, creating a library of building blocks for different fields of applications. Our fibration strategy provides a universal, powerful and non-destructive pathway bridging primary particles and macroapplications.

将粉末无损加工成具有丰富结构和功能可能性的宏观材料具有不可估量的科学意义和应用价值，但使用传统加工技术仍然是一个挑战。在这里，我们开发了一种通用的纤维化方法，使用二维纤维素作为介体，将各种粉末材料加工成微/纳米纤维，为颗粒提供结构支撑并保留其自身的特性和结构。研究发现，自收缩力驱动二维纤维素和支撑颗粒起皱并卷成纤维，这是一个温和的过程，可以防止粉末颗粒的团聚和结构损坏。我们展示了 120 多种纤维样品，涉及各种粉末客体，包括不同形态、密度和粒径的元素、化合物、有机物和混合物。具有可调节直径和客体含量的定制纤维可以轻松构建成具有各种几何形状的高性能宏观材料，从而为不同应用领域创建构建块库。我们的纤维化策略提供了一种连接初级粒子和宏观应用的通用、强大且非破坏性的途径。