Despite ubiquitous application, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) still face significant challenges in terms of fast charging over extended cycles. This is primarily due to the incomplete coverage and unsatisfactory performance of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer. However, conventional electrolyte engineering methods can be hindered by increased viscosity, low wettability, and high cost in growing an ideal SEI. Herein, we propose a general strategy that tackles this challenge using superwettable electrolytes with ultralow concentration, which enables uniform and complete coverage of the SEI on a graphite anode. Intriguingly, this electrolyte can cause high overpotentials during the low-current formation process, leading to an SEI layer rich in inorganic components. As a result, LIBs with superwettable electrolytes exhibit remarkable cycle stability and high-rate performance of 5 C at a capacity of 166 mAh g^–1, which is also verified in pouch cells. Our research introduces a simple and effective strategy to achieve an optimized SEI layer for LIBs, which can be readily extended to other battery systems.

中文翻译：

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用于快速充电锂离子电池的超润湿电解质工程

尽管应用广泛，锂离子电池（LIB）在长时间快速充电方面仍然面临重大挑战。这主要是由于固体电解质中间相（SEI）层的覆盖不完全和性能不理想造成的。然而，传统的电解质工程方法可能会受到粘度增加、润湿性低以及理想 SEI 生长成本高的阻碍。在此，我们提出了一种通用策略，使用超低浓度的超润湿电解质来应对这一挑战，从而实现石墨阳极上 SEI 的均匀和完整覆盖。有趣的是，这种电解质在低电流形成过程中会产生高过电势，从而形成富含无机成分的 SEI 层。因此，具有超润湿电解质的锂离子电池在容量为166 mAh g ^–1时表现出卓越的循环稳定性和5 C的高倍率性能，这也在软包电池中得到了验证。我们的研究引入了一种简单有效的策略来实现 LIB 的优化 SEI 层，该策略可以轻松扩展到其他电池系统。