Thienothiophene (TT) has received great attention in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics. Here we report a synthesis and characterization of fullerene-donor-fullerene triads linked to thieno[2,3-b]thiophene as a donor. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of the new dumbbells were investigated using UV-vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and square wave voltammetry. The results showed that both compounds have higher LUMO energy levels than PC₆₁BM, indicating that they can be used in photovoltaic applications. Furthermore, the powder was structurally and morphologically characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM revealed the morphological characterization of the two derivatives as globular and urchin-like supramolecular assemblies.

中文翻译：

---

共价连接的噻吩并[2,3-b]噻吩-富勒烯二聚体：合成和物理表征

噻吩并噻吩（TT）在电子和光电子领域受到了极大的关注。在这里，我们报告了与噻吩并[2,3- b ]噻吩作为供体连接的富勒烯-供体-富勒烯三元组的合成和表征。使用紫外可见光谱、荧光光谱、循环伏安法和方波伏安法研究了新型哑铃的光物理和电化学性质。结果表明，两种化合物均具有比 PC ₆₁ BM 更高的 LUMO 能级，表明它们可用于光伏应用。此外，通过X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 对粉末进行了结构和形态表征。扫描电镜揭示了两种衍生物的形态特征，即球状和海胆状超分子组装体。