Saline lakes have developed worldwide throughout geological history and continue to develop, is important for understanding deep-time climate evolution, lake evolution and extinction, terrestrial ecosystem evolution, and organic carbon burial processes. The basic conditions required for the formation of saline lakes are a sufficient source of salt, an arid or semi-arid climate, and a closed or semi-closed lake environment. There are four mechanisms of lake basin salinization: (1) seawater-derived salinized lake, salt irons are provided by seawater; (2) Inland evaporative saline lakes, the land is the source of salt substances following strong evaporation; (3) Deep hydrothermal fluids-based saline lakes, high-salinity hydrothermal fluids enter the basin through faults; and (4) Any combination of the above mechanisms. During the evolution of saline lake, one or more can be the main salinization mechanism, and the primary mechanism may change with the evolution of salinization periods. Hydrological characteristics of saline lakes control biome development, biogeochemical processes, sediment deposition, and organic matter enrichment. Due to high productivity and reducing conditions, the salinized lake basin environment is conducive to the formation of organic rich source rocks and/or type I and II sapropelic organic matter with high hydrocarbon generation potential. Future studies should focus on evolutionary processes of deep-time saline lake development based on Earth System Science and interactions between spheres, ecological reconstruction and biogeochemical processes in saline lakes, sediments burial diagenesis and physico-chemical-microbiological processes.

中文翻译：

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湖泊盐化机制及有机质富集控制：从现代到深时记录

盐湖在整个地质历史中在世界范围内不断发展并持续发展，对于了解深层气候演化、湖泊演化和灭绝、陆地生态系统演化和有机碳埋藏过程具有重要意义。盐湖形成所需的基本条件是充足的盐源、干旱或半干旱的气候以及封闭或半封闭的湖泊环境。湖盆盐化有四种机制：（1）海水源性盐化湖，盐铁由海水提供；（2）内陆蒸发盐湖，陆地是强烈蒸发后盐类物质的来源；（3）深层热液为主的盐湖，高盐度热液通过断层进入盆地；(4) 上述机制的任意组合。在盐湖演化过程中，一种或多种可能是主要的盐化机制，且主要机制可能随着盐化时期的演变而变化。盐湖的水文特征控制着生物群落的发育、生物地球化学过程、沉积物沉积和有机质富集。由于高产能和还原条件，盐化湖盆环境有利于形成富有机质烃源岩和/或具有高生烃潜力的I、II型腐泥有机质。未来的研究应重点关注基于地球系统科学的深层盐湖发育演化过程和圈层相互作用、盐湖生态重建和生物地球化学过程、沉积物埋藏成岩作用和物理化学微生物过程。