Antibiotics development during the last century permitted unprecedent medical advances. However, it is undeniable that there has been an abuse and misuse of antimicrobials in medicine and cosmetics, food production and food processing, in the last decades. The pay toll for human development and consumism is the emergence of extended antimicrobial resistance and omnipresent contamination of the biosphere. The One Health concept recognizes the interconnection of human, environmental and animal health, being impossible alter one without affecting the others. In this context, antibiotic decontamination from water-sources is of upmost importance, with new and more efficient strategies needed. In this framework, light-driven antibiotic degradation has gained interest in the last few years, strongly relying in semiconductor photocatalysts. To improve the semiconductor properties (i.e., efficiency, recovery, bandgap width, dispersibility, wavelength excitation, etc.), bio-based supporting material as photocatalysts matrices have been thoroughly studied, exploring synergetic effects as operating parameters that could improve the photodegradation of antibiotics. The present work describes some of the most relevant advances of the last 5 years on photodegradation of antibiotics and other antimicrobial molecules. It presents the conjugation of semiconductor photocatalysts to different organic scaffolds (biochar and biopolymers), then to describe hybrid systems based on g-C₃N₄ and finally addressing the emerging use of organic photocatalysts. These systems were developed for the degradation of several antibiotics and antimicrobials, and tested under different conditions, which are analyzed and thoroughly discussed along the work.

Graphical abstract

中文翻译：

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用于抗生素光降解的生物基基质光催化剂

上个世纪抗生素的发展带来了前所未有的医学进步。然而，不可否认的是，过去几十年来，在药品和化妆品、食品生产和食品加工领域存在抗菌药物的滥用和误用现象。人类发展和消费主义的代价是抗生素耐药性的扩大和生物圈无处不在的污染。“同一个健康”概念认识到人类、环境和动物健康之间的相互联系，不可能在不影响其他健康的情况下改变其中之一。在这种情况下，水源的抗生素净化至关重要，需要新的、更有效的策略。在这个框架中，光驱动的抗生素降解在过去几年中引起了人们的兴趣，强烈依赖于半导体光催化剂。为了提高半导体性能（即效率、回收率、带隙宽度、分散性、波长激发等），对作为光催化剂基质的生物基支撑材料进行了深入研究，探索作为操作参数的协同效应，可以改善抗生素的光降解。目前的工作描述了过去 5 年中抗生素和其他抗菌分子光降解方面最相关的一些进展。它介绍了半导体光催化剂与不同有机支架（生物炭和生物聚合物）的结合，然后描述基于 gC ₃ N ₄的混合系统，最后讨论了有机光催化剂的新兴用途。这些系统是为了降解几种抗生素和抗菌剂而开发的，并在不同条件下进行了测试，并在工作中进行了分析和深入讨论。

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