Sepsis is one of the deadliest health disorders in the current century due to specific limitations in early and differential diagnosis. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of sepsis are crucial research areas to prevent human death worldwide. Among other clinical manifestations, protein biomarker detection has shown outstanding characteristics to provide relevant biological information to improve early sepsis diagnosis. However, currently used methodologies for analysing mentioned biomarkers still require long analysis times and large sample volumes, are not sensitive enough, or are not available as point-of-care/bedside analysis. Nevertheless, in the last decade, the emergence of micro and nanotechnologies-based biosensing approaches shows a high potential impact on diagnosing complex diseases such as sepsis. Throughout this critical review, micro and nanotechnologies have been revised towards the biosensing of the highly relevant protein sepsis biomarkers such as procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in line with the analytical performance during the analysis of clinical samples and the main achievements in the field of sepsis diagnosis.

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分析微米和纳米技术满足脓毒症诊断

由于早期诊断和鉴别诊断的特定局限性，脓毒症是本世纪最致命的健康疾病之一。因此，脓毒症的早期诊断和适当治疗是全世界预防人类死亡的关键研究领域。在其他临床表现中，蛋白质生物标志物检测显示出突出的特点，可以提供相关的生物学信息，以改善脓毒症的早期诊断。然而，目前使用的用于分析上述生物标志物的方法仍然需要较长的分析时间和较大的样本量，不够灵敏，或者不能用作床旁分析。然而，在过去十年中，基于微米和纳米技术的生物传感方法的出现对诊断脓毒症等复杂疾病显示出巨大的潜在影响。在整个批判性审查中，微米和纳米技术已针对高度相关的蛋白质脓毒症生物标志物（例如降钙素原 (PCT)、C-反应性 (CRP) 和白细胞介素 6 (IL-6)）的生物传感进行了修订，符合分析性能分析了临床样本以及脓毒症诊断领域的主要成就。