Background This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of computerized cognitive training (CCT) on white matter (WM) neuroplasticity and neuropsychological performance. Methods A total of 128 community older adults (64.36 ± 6.14 years) were recruited and randomly assigned to the intervention or the control group. Participants in the intervention group received a home-based, multidomain, and adaptive CCT for thirty minutes, two days per week for one year. Neuropsychological assessments, diffusion MRI, and T1-weighted structural MRI were performed at the pre- and post-intervention visits. Results Eighty-one of 128 participants (41 in the intervention group and 40 in the control group) completed the one-year intervention, and 61 of them (27 in the intervention group and 34 in the control group) underwent MRI scans twice. After excluding attrition bias, a significant time-by-group interaction on the Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) (F = 51.85, p < .001) was found, showing improvement in the intervention group and a decline in the control group. At the brain level, the intervention group exhibited increased axial diffusivity in the left posterior thalamic radiation, and this increase was significantly correlated with reduced SCWT reaction time (r = ‒0.42, p = .029). No significant time-by-group interactions were found for gray matter volume. Conclusion Our findings suggest that conducting multidomain adaptive CCT is an effective and feasible method to counteract cognitive decline in older adults, with WM neuroplasticity underpinning cognitive improvements. This study contributes to the understanding of the neural basis for the beneficial effect of CCT for older adults.

中文翻译：

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白质可塑性支撑多域自适应计算机认知训练后的认知增益

背景本研究旨在评估计算机认知训练（CCT）对白质（WM）神经可塑性和神经心理学表现的有效性。方法 招募128名社区老年人（64.36±6.14岁），随机分为干预组和对照组。干预组的参与者每周接受为期 2 天、为期 30 分钟的家庭多域自适应 CCT，持续一年。在干预前后就诊时进行了神经心理学评估、扩散 MRI 和 T1 加权结构 MRI。结果 128 名参与者中有 81 名（干预组 41 名，对​​照组 40 名）完成了为期一年的干预，其中 61 名（干预组 27 名，对照组 34 名）接受了两次 MRI 扫描。排除损耗偏差后，Stroop 色词测试 (SCWT) 中发现了显着的逐组时间交互作用（F = 51.85，p < .001），显示干预组有所改善，对照组有所下降。在大脑水平上，干预组表现出左后丘脑辐射的轴向扩散率增加，这种增加与 SCWT 反应时间缩短显着相关 (r = −0.42，p = .029)。灰质体积没有发现显着的逐组时间相互作用。结论 我们的研究结果表明，进行多域适应性 CCT 是对抗老年人认知衰退的有效且可行的方法，而 WM 神经可塑性支撑认知改善。这项研究有助于了解 CCT 对老年人有益作用的神经基础。