Lakes face threats from human activities like unsustainable development, population growth and industrial technologies. These challenges impact the ecosystem services of lakes. Research has assessed the monetary value of services from freshwater biomes annually. This article reviews these values, estimating lakes' global ecosystem services to be within the region of USD 1.3–5.1 trillion annually. Their natural asset value is estimated at USD 87–340 trillion, comparable to the monetary value of global real estate, assuming a relatively high social discount rate to account for future increased standards of living. Considering environmental degradation, future generations may experience a lower living standard. Using a 0.1% discount rate, recognizing potential harm and aligning with indigenous values raises the lakes' value to USD 1300–5100 trillion, which is at least equal to the global monetary value of wealth created. This valuation is shared by all as a collective asset, unlike the skewed distribution of created wealth.

中文翻译：

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淡水湖的全球价值

湖泊面临着人类活动的威胁，例如不可持续的发展、人口增长和工业技术。这些挑战影响湖泊的生态系统服务。研究每年都会评估淡水生物群落服务的货币价值。本文回顾了这些价值，估计湖泊的全球生态系统服务每年在 1.3-5.1 万亿美元之间。他们的自然资产价值估计为 87-340 万亿美元，与全球房地产的货币价值相当，假设社会贴现率相对较高，以适应未来生活水平的提高。考虑到环境恶化，子孙后代的生活水平可能会降低。使用 0.1% 的贴现率，认识到潜在危害并与本土价值观保持一致，可以将湖泊的价值提高到 1300-5100 万亿美元，这至少相当于所创造财富的全球货币价值。与创造财富的倾斜分配不同，这种估值作为集体资产由所有人共享。