Background:Evidence is sparse regarding the incidence or prevalence of renal or genitourinary injuries arising from contact sports. There are currently no World Health Organization or European consensus guidelines relating to the participation in sport for children and young athletes with a solitary (functioning) kidney.Purpose:To review the international literature and to make sport-specific recommendations for children and young athletes with a solitary (functioning) kidney participating in sports, based on the overall likelihood of potential renal or genitourinary injury.Study Design:Narrative review; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:A descriptive epidemiological study was conducted of current literature according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines. Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane, and PubMed databases were queried from 1975 to 2023, to assess available evidence regarding the prevalence and risk of renal injury through sports participation and guidelines surrounding the participation in sports for children and young athletes with a solitary (functioning) kidney. Methodological quality and certainty of evidence were assessed according to the International Classification of Urological Disease guidelines.Results:A total of 28 publications were identified after database searches and exclusions, comprising 40,889 patients. The majority of papers providing recommendations arose from the United States. Of the recommendations, 79% permitted an unrestricted return to noncontact sports. A return to contact sports is permitted in most instances after physician consultation.Conclusion:There is a dearth of good-quality published evidence in the literature relating to sports participation with a solitary (functioning) kidney. Overall, the risk of genitourinary injury in sports is low, and after physician assessment, there is currently no strong evidence to exclude children and young athletes with a solitary (functioning) kidney from full participation in contact and collision sports.

中文翻译：

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具有孤立（功能）肾脏的儿童和青少年运动员参与接触性运动的叙述回顾


背景：关于接触运动引起的肾脏或泌尿生殖系统损伤的发生率或患病率的证据很少。目前，世界卫生组织或欧洲尚无关于单肾（功能正常）的儿童和青少年运动员参与体育运动的共识指南。 目的：回顾国际文献，并为患有单肾（功能正常）的儿童和青少年运动员提出针对运动的具体建议。根据潜在肾脏或泌尿生殖系统损伤的总体可能性，单独（功能正常）肾脏参与运动。证据水平，4。方法：根据加强流行病学观察研究报告（STROBE）指南对现有文献进行描述性流行病学研究。查询了 1975 年至 2023 年期间的 Embase、Google Scholar、Cochrane 和 PubMed 数据库，以评估有关运动参与导致肾损伤的患病率和风险的现有证据，以及有关孤独（功能障碍）儿童和年轻运动员参与运动的指南肾。根据国际泌尿系统疾病分类指南评估证据的方法学质量和确定性。 结果：经过数据库检索和排除后，共鉴定出 28 篇出版物，包括 40,889 名患者。大多数提供建议的论文来自美国。在这些建议中，79% 允许无限制地恢复非接触性运动。在大多数情况下，经过医生咨询后，允许恢复接触性运动。结论：文献中缺乏与孤立（功能正常）肾脏参与运动相关的高质量已发表证据。总体而言，运动中泌尿生殖系统损伤的风险较低，并且经过医生评估，目前没有强有力的证据可以排除具有孤立（功能）肾脏的儿童和年轻运动员全面参与接触和碰撞运动。