The prevalence of the anti-vaccine movement in today’s society has become a pressing concern, largely amplified by the dissemination of vaccine skepticism. During the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the vaccination debate sparked controversial debates on social media platforms such as Twitter, which can lead to serious consequences for public health. What determines anti-vax attitudes is an important question for understanding the source of the campaigns and mitigating the misinformation spread. Compared with other countries, Türkiye differentiates itself with high vaccination rates and lack of political support for anti-vaxxers despite its highly polarized political system. Analyzing Turkish Twittersphere, we explore several mechanisms capturing content production and behaviors of accounts within the pro- and anti-vax segments in online vaccine-related discussions. Our findings indicate there is no relation between political stance and anti-vaccine attitude. Both supporters of vaccination (pro-vaxxers) and opponents (anti-vaxxers) can be found across the political spectrum. Moreover, linguistic differences reveal that anti-vaxxers employ more emotional language, while pro-vaxxers express more skepticism. Notably, automated accounts are less prevalent leading to difficulty in assessing genuine support for vaccines, while anti-vaccine bots produce slightly more content. These findings have crucial implications for vaccine policy, emphasizing the importance of understanding diverse language patterns and beliefs among anti-vaxxers and pro-vaxxers to develop effective communication strategies at the national level.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 大流行期间推动在线疫苗辩论的机制

当今社会反疫苗运动的盛行已成为一个紧迫的问题，而疫苗怀疑论的传播在很大程度上加剧了这一问题。在 COVID-19 大流行的早期阶段，疫苗接种争论在 Twitter 等社交媒体平台上引发了争议，这可能会给公共卫生带来严重后果。决定反疫苗态度的因素是了解活动来源和减少错误信息传播的一个重要问题。与其他国家相比，土耳其的特点是疫苗接种率高，尽管政治体系高度两极分化，但反疫苗者缺乏政治支持。通过分析土耳其 Twitter 圈，我们探索了几种捕获在线疫苗相关讨论中支持和反对疫苗部分的内容生产和账户行为的机制。我们的研究结果表明政治立场和反疫苗态度之间没有关系。疫苗接种的支持者（支持疫苗者）和反对者（反疫苗者）遍布各个政治领域。此外，语言差异表明，反疫苗者使用更多情感语言，而支持疫苗者则表达更多怀疑态度。值得注意的是，自动化账户不太普遍，导致难以评估对疫苗的真正支持，而反疫苗机器人产生的内容略多。这些发现对疫苗政策具有至关重要的影响，强调了了解反疫苗者和支持疫苗者之间不同语言模式和信仰的重要性，以在国家层面制定有效的沟通策略。