In addition to the four canonical nucleobases, RNA molecules undergo various chemical modifications. To date, more than 170 structurally diverse RNA modifications have been discovered across all three domains of life. These RNA modifications play crucial roles in a wide range of biological processes, such as regulating gene expression, maintaining RNA stability, and facilitating protein translation. With the advancements in technology, the field of RNA epitranscriptomics has witnessed remarkable progress in recent years. Consequently, deciphering the functions of RNA modifications has become a topic of great interest. This review aims to provide an overview of recent advances in the analytical techniques used to study RNA modifications, including quantification, locus-specific detection, and mapping analysis through high-throughput sequencing. The advancements in these analytical methods for RNA modifications are summarized, highlighting their underlying principles, strengths, and limitations.

中文翻译：

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RNA 修饰的定量和绘图

除了四种典型核碱基外，RNA 分子还经历各种化学修饰。迄今为止，已在生命的所有三个领域中发现了 170 多种结构多样的 RNA 修饰。这些 RNA 修饰在多种生物过程中发挥着至关重要的作用，例如调节基因表达、维持 RNA 稳定性和促进蛋白质翻译。随着技术的进步，RNA表观转录组学领域近年来取得了长足的进步。因此，破译RNA修饰的功能已成为人们非常感兴趣的话题。本综述旨在概述用于研究 RNA 修饰的分析技术的最新进展，包括定量、位点特异性检测和通过高通量测序进行图谱分析。总结了这些 RNA 修饰分析方法的进展，强调了它们的基本原理、优点和局限性。