Analysis of illegal drugs in biofluids typically requires the incorporation of an adequate sample treatment step together with high performance instrumentation to meet the high demands of the modern Analytical Chemistry in terms of sensitivity and selectivity. Regarding the main objective, sample treatment can be addressed to: i) the extraction of a large number of different compounds; or ii) the selective extraction of one or a reduced group of compounds of similar nature. Traditionally, sample treatment step has been considered the main bottleneck of analytical procedures, consuming most of the required energy, time and resources of the total analysis. The recent advances in the area of materials science and the development of miniaturized sample handling techniques have generated new opportunities hitherto inconceivable. This review article summarizes new developments in sorbent-based techniques for the analysis of illegal drugs in biofluids, providing a critical comparison not only of traditional generic sorbents versus engineered materials, but also the preferred extractive formats for this purpose.

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基于吸附剂从生物体液中提取非法药物的当前趋势：固体吸附剂和配置

生物流体中非法药物的分析通常需要结合适当的样品处理步骤和高性能仪器，以满足现代分析化学在灵敏度和选择性方面的高要求。就主要目标而言，样品处理可用于： i) 提取大量不同的化合物；或 ii) 选择性提取一种或一组类似性质的化合物。传统上，样品处理步骤被认为是分析程序的主要瓶颈，消耗了整个分析所需的大部分精力、时间和资源。材料科学领域的最新进展和微型样品处理技术的发展产生了迄今为止难以想象的新机遇。本文总结了基于吸附剂的生物流体中非法药物分析技术的新发展，不仅提供了传统通用吸附剂与工程材料的关键比较，而且还提供了用于此目的的首选提取形式。