Dispersivity has long been a major concern in civil and geo-environmental engineering, as well as in agricultural engineering and soil sciences. Dispersive clay soils are common, but their prevalence and characteristics vary greatly across different regions of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. These soils are highly unstable and prone to erosion when exposed to water, due to their high concentration of exchangeable sodium ions and large specific surfaces. This can cause serious damage to hydraulic infrastructure. However, identifying and stabilizing dispersive clay soils is crucial for infrastructure projects, as the use of untreated soils can result in irreversible and catastrophic failures due to internal erosion and piping. The systematic management of dispersive clays is crucial to prevent the wastage of fertile agricultural land and land designated for engineering construction. Although industrialization has numerous benefits, it often results in large quantities of waste by-products that must be managed appropriately to reduce their environmental impact. The reuse of these wastes in soil improvement has become an increasingly popular approach to address both environmental pollution and cost-effectiveness concerns. Despite the growing interest in using waste by-products for soil stabilization, there is a lack of a systematic and comprehensive review of the management, mechanisms, identification systems, and improvement strategies for both traditional and non-traditional stabilizers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to review the available literature to provide a comprehensive understanding of the use of waste by-products for soil stabilization. Such a review could aid in the creation of soil stabilization methods that are both efficient and enduring while minimizing the environmental impact of waste by-products.

中文翻译：

---

对可持续基础设施识别和稳定分散粘土的策略进行系统审查

分散性长期以来一直是土木和地质环境工程以及农业工程和土壤科学领域的主要关注点。分散性粘土很常见，但其分布情况和特征在世界不同地区有很大差异，特别是在干旱和半干旱地区。这些土壤高度不稳定，由于其高浓度的可交换钠离子和大的比表面积，在接触水时容易受到侵蚀。这可能会对水利基础设施造成严重损坏。然而，识别和稳定分散性粘土对于基础设施项目至关重要，因为使用未经处理的土壤可能会因内部侵蚀和管道而导致不可逆转的灾难性故障。分散性粘土的系统管理对于防止肥沃农田和工程建设用地的浪费至关重要。尽管工业化有很多好处，但它通常会产生大量副产品废物，必须对其进行适当管理以减少其对环境的影响。在土壤改良中再利用这些废物已成为解决环境污染和成本效益问题的越来越流行的方法。尽管人们对利用废物副产品稳定土壤的兴趣日益浓厚，但对传统和非传统稳定剂的管理、机制、识别系统和改进策略缺乏系统和全面的审查。因此，迫切需要回顾现有文献，以全面了解废物副产品用于土壤稳定的用途。这样的审查可以帮助创建既有效又持久的土壤稳定方法，同时最大限度地减少废物副产品对环境的影响。