To identify the distinct classification of insomnia symptoms and to explore their association with sleep problems and depression. Latent profile analysis was used to examine patterns of insomnia symptoms in two samples. Discovery and replication samples comprised 1043 (Mean age at baseline = 18.95 ± 0.93 years, 62.2% females) and 729 (Mean age at baseline = 18.71 ± 1.02 years, 66.4% females) college students, respectively. Participants completed measures of sleep problems (insomnia symptoms, sleep quality, susceptibility to insomnia, perceived consequences of insomnia, dream recall frequency, and percentage of recurring nightmares) and other psychological variables (rumination and depression). Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the effects of different types of insomnia symptoms at baseline on sleep problems and depression two years later. Four classes of insomnia symptoms were identified, and classified as “non-insomnia” (class 1, 45.7%), “mild subjective symptoms but severe subjective feelings” (class 2, 23.9%), “severe subjective symptoms but mild subjective feelings” (class 3, 22.0%), and “high insomnia risk” (class 4, 8.4%), respectively. Compared with the group classified as non-insomnia group, other classifications significantly predicted insomnia two years later, only class 4 significantly predicted depression, and class 3 significantly predicted susceptibility to insomnia, after adjusting gender, insomnia, depression, and susceptibility to insomnia at baseline. The findings highlighted the importance of identifying the patterns of insomnia symptoms, and the need for tailored intervention to improve sleep problems. Additionally, when screening for insomnia symptoms, simplified screening using Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) dimensions or items should be considered.

中文翻译：

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失眠严重程度指数的潜在特征：一项纵向研究

确定失眠症状的不同分类并探讨它们与睡眠问题和抑郁症的关联。潜在特征分析用于检查两个样本中失眠症状的模式。发现样本和复制样本分别包括 1043 名（基线平均年龄 = 18.95 ± 0.93 岁，62.2% 女性）和 729 名（基线平均年龄 = 18.71 ± 1.02 岁，66.4% 女性）大学生。参与者完成了睡眠问题（失眠症状、睡眠质量、失眠易感性、失眠的感知后果、梦境回忆频率和反复做噩梦的百分比）和其他心理变量（沉思和抑郁）的测量。使用二元逻辑回归分析基线时不同类型失眠症状对两年后睡眠问题和抑郁症的影响。失眠症状分为四类，分为“非失眠”（1类，45.7%）、“主观症状较轻，主观感受较重”（2类，23.9%）、“主观症状较重，主观感受较轻”。分别为“失眠风险高”（第 3 级，22.0%）和“失眠高风险”（第 4 级，8.4%）。与非失眠组相比，在基线调整性别、失眠、抑郁和失眠易感性后，其他分类显着预测两年后的失眠，只有4级显着预测抑郁，3级显着预测失眠易感性。研究结果强调了识别失眠症状模式的重要性，以及采取针对性干预措施来改善睡眠问题的必要性。此外，在筛查失眠症状时，应考虑使用失眠严重程度指数（ISI）维度或项目进行简化筛查。