Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS) is a common sleep disorder influenced by factors like age, gender, and obesity. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and physical activity have shown health benefits in lung diseases, but their effects on SAHS remain underexplored. In a cross-sectional analysis of 678 middle-aged individuals with low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk from the ILERVAS cohort, we assessed adherence to the MedDiet and physical activity levels using validated tools. Sleep parameters, SAHS severity, and excessive daytime sleepiness were evaluated through non-attended cardiorespiratory polygraphy and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Multinomial logistic regression models were employed to assess the relationship between MedDiet adherence, physical activity, and SAHS severity. The prevalence of severe, moderate, and mild SAHS was 15.5%, 23.2% and 36.1%, respectively. We found no significant associations between adherence to the MedDiet, physical activity levels, and the presence or severity of SAHS. However, we noted a significant interaction between MedDiet and physical activity with minimum SpO2 values (p = 0.049). Notably, consuming more than one serving of red meat per day was independently associated with a higher risk of moderate SAHS [OR = 2.65 (1.29–5.44), p = 0.008]. Individually, MedDiet adherence and physical activity did not show independent correlations with SAHS. However, when considered together, a minimal but significant effect on minimum SpO2 was observed. Additionally, red meat consumption was associated with a moderate risk of SAHS. Further research is necessary to comprehend the intricate connections between lifestyle factors and sleep-breathing disorders, with a focus on personalized approaches for high-risk populations.

中文翻译：

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有心血管风险的中年人群中坚持地中海饮食、体力活动和睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (SAHS) 之间的关联：来自 ILERVAS 队列的见解

睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征 (SAHS) 是一种常见的睡眠障碍，受年龄、性别和肥胖等因素影响。地中海饮食 (MedDiet) 和体力活动已显示出对肺部疾病的健康益处，但它们对 SAHS 的影响仍未得到充分研究。在对 ILERVAS 队列中 678 名具有低至中度心血管风险的中年人进行横断面分析中，我们使用经过验证的工具评估了对医疗饮食和体力活动水平的依从性。通过无人值守心肺多图检查和 Epworth 嗜睡量表评估睡眠参数、SAHS 严重程度和白天过度嗜睡。采用多项逻辑回归模型来评估 MedDiet 依从性、体力活动和 SAHS 严重程度之间的关系。重度、中度和轻度SAHS的患病率分别为15.5%、23.2%和36.1%。我们发现遵守医疗饮食、体力活动水平与 SAHS 的存在或严重程度之间没有显着关联。然而，我们注意到 MedDiet 和体力活动之间存在显着的相互作用，最小 SpO2 值 (p = 0.049)。值得注意的是，每天食用超过一份红肉与中度 SAHS 的较高风险独立相关 [OR = 2.65 (1.29–5.44)，p = 0.008]。就个体而言，医学饮食依从性和体力活动并未显示出与 SAHS 的独立相关性。然而，当综合考虑时，观察到对最低 SpO2 的影响虽小但显着。此外，食用红肉与中度 SAHS 风险相关。需要进一步的研究来理解生活方式因素与睡眠呼吸障碍之间的复杂联系，重点是针对高危人群的个性化方法。