Neuroscience has contributed to uncover the mechanisms underpinning substance use disorders (SUD). The next frontier is to leverage these mechanisms as active targets to create more effective interventions for SUD treatment and prevention. Recent large-scale cohort studies from early childhood are generating multiple levels of neuroscience-based information with the potential to inform the development and refinement of future preventive strategies. However, there are still no available well-recognized frameworks to guide the integration of these multi-level datasets into prevention interventions. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) provides a neuroscience-based multi-system framework that is well suited to facilitate translation of neurobiological mechanisms into behavioral domains amenable to preventative interventions. We propose a novel RDoC-based framework for prevention science and adapted the framework for the existing preventive interventions. From a systematic review of randomized controlled trials using a person-centered drug/alcohol preventive approach for adolescents, we identified 22 unique preventive interventions. By teasing apart these 22 interventions into the RDoC domains, we proposed distinct neurocognitive trajectories which have been recognized as precursors or risk factors for SUDs, to be targeted, engaged and modified for effective addiction prevention.

中文翻译：

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物质使用障碍预防干预措施的神经科学分类：基于 RDoC 的方法

神经科学为揭示物质使用障碍 (SUD) 的机制做出了贡献。下一个前沿领域是利用这些机制作为积极目标，为 SUD 的治疗和预防制定更有效的干预措施。最近针对幼儿期的大规模队列研究正在产生多层次的基于神经科学的信息，有可能为未来预防策略的制定和完善提供信息。然而，仍然没有可用的公认框架来指导将这些多级数据集整合到预防干预措施中。研究领域标准 (RDoC) 提供了一个基于神经科学的多系统框架，非常适合促进将神经生物学机制转化为适合预防性干预的行为领域。我们提出了一个基于 RDoC 的新型预防科学框架，并对该框架进行了调整以适应现有的预防干预措施。通过对使用以人为本的青少年药物/酒精预防方法的随机对照试验进行系统回顾，我们确定了 22 种独特的预防干预措施。通过梳理 RDoC 领域的这 22 种干预措施，我们提出了不同的神经认知轨迹，这些轨迹已被认为是 SUD 的前体或风险因素，有针对性、参与和修改，以有效预防成瘾。