Myopia is widely recognized as an epidemic. Studies have found a link between Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-β) and myopia, but the specific molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, a monocular model in tree shrews () was established to verify the molecular mechanism of TGF-β in myopia. The results indicated that there were significant changes in TGF-βs during the treatment of myopia, which could enhance the refractive ability and axial length of the eye. Immunohistochemical staining, real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and immunoblotting results showed a significant upregulation of MMP2 and NF-κB levels, and a significant downregulation of COL-I expression in the TGF-β treated eyes, suggesting that NF-κB and MMP2 are involved in the signaling pathways of TGF-βs induced myopia and axial elongation. Moreover, the expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, IL-1β, TNF-α, TAK1, and NF-κB in the retina were all significantly elevated. This indicates that TGF-β stimulates the inflammatory response of retinal pigment epithelial cells through the TAK1-NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, this study suggests that TGF-β promotes the progression of myopia by enhancing intraocular inflammation.

中文翻译：

---

转化生长因子β在近视发展中的作用

近视被广泛认为是一种流行病。研究发现转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）与近视之间存在联系，但具体分子机制尚不完全清楚。本研究建立了树鼩的单眼模型，以验证TGF-β在近视中的分子机制。结果表明，近视治疗过程中TGF-βs发生显着变化，可以增强眼睛的屈光能力和眼轴长度。免疫组织化学染色、实时荧光定量 PCR 和免疫印迹结果显示，TGF-β 治疗眼中 MMP2 和 NF-κB 水平显着上调，COL-I 表达显着下调，表明 NF-κB 和 MMP2参与TGF-β诱导近视和眼轴伸长的信号通路。此外，视网膜中IL-6、IL-8、MCP-1、IL-1β、TNF-α、TAK1和NF-κB的表达水平均显着升高。这就说明 TGF-β 通过 TAK1-NF-κB 信号通路刺激视网膜色素上皮细胞的炎症反应. 总之，这项研究表明TGF-β通过增强眼内炎症来促进近视的进展。