Calcium (Ca) and neodymium (Nd) were introduced in the AZ61 alloy as alloying elements. The microstructure, corrosion behavior, and discharge properties of AZ61-1Nd-Ca ( = 0, 0.5 wt.%, 1 wt.%, 2 wt.%) alloys as anodes for Mg-air batteries were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the AZ61-1Nd-1Ca alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance during electrochemical experiments and hydrogen evolution tests. Discharge performance tests showed that the AZ61-1Nd-1Ca alloy exhibits the best specific capacity (1193.6 mAh g), energy density (1893.7 mWh g), anode efficiency (60.3 %), and cell voltage (1.246 V) at higher current densities. This is mainly attributed to the addition of Ca element, which refines the grain size of the alloy and increases the grain boundary area. In addition, AlNd and AlCa phases have similar corrosion mechanisms in the cross-section of the extruded alloy. The precipitated granular AlCa phase is uniformly dispersed on the substrate and acts as a physical barrier. This not only enhances the corrosion resistance of the alloy but also improves the anode efficiency of the alloy during discharge.

中文翻译：

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镁空气电池钙、钕共掺AZ61合金负极的防腐及放电性能

AZ61合金中引入了钙（Ca）和钕（Nd）作为合金元素。系统研究了 AZ61-1Nd-Ca (= 0、0.5 wt.%、1 wt.%、2 wt.%) 合金作为镁空气电池负极的微观结构、腐蚀行为和放电性能。结果表明，AZ61-1Nd-1Ca合金在电化学实验和析氢测试中表现出最好的耐腐蚀性能。放电性能测试表明，AZ61-1Nd-1Ca合金在较高电流密度下表现出最佳的比容量（1193.6 mAh g）、能量密度（1893.7 mWh g）、阳极效率（60.3 %）和电池电压（1.246 V）。这主要归功于Ca元素的添加，细化了合金的晶粒尺寸，增大了晶界面积。此外，AlNd和AlCa相在挤压合金的横截面中具有相似的腐蚀机制。析出的粒状 AlCa 相均匀分散在基体上，起到物理屏障的作用。这不仅增强了合金的耐腐蚀性，而且提高了合金在放电过程中的阳极效率。