The effect of the aerodynamic Weber number on the atomization-evaporation process of liquid fuel jets in crossflow is investigated by detailed numerical simulations accounting for evaporation from both the gas–liquid interface and dispersed particles in the Eulerian/Lagrangian framework. The accuracy of the evaporation model on the gas–liquid interface treated in the Eulerian manner is verified by applying two-dimensional (2D) numerical simulations to the evaporation of a single droplet and comparing the computational results with the theoretical solution and psychrometric data. The results show that the present detailed numerical simulations reasonably reproduce the primary and secondary atomization characteristics of the liquid jets in crossflow under different breakup modes. Additionally, considering both evaporations from the Eulerian gas–liquid interface and Lagrangian dispersed particles is essential for precisely predicting the fuel mixing with the oxidizer and the ignition. As increases, the Sauter mean diameter (SMD) of generated fuel droplets decreases in the whole region. Furthermore, as increases, the tendency that the fuel vapor mass fraction is high in the upstream region and decreases downstream becomes more evident. However, the temperature behind the liquid column do not decrease despite the increasing heat loss due to evaporation. These behaviors can be well explained in terms of the differences in the atomization, evaporation, and heat transfer between the liquid jet and hot air crossflow against .

中文翻译：

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欧拉/拉格朗日框架中液体燃料射流在雾化和蒸发横流中的高保真数值模拟：空气动力韦伯数的影响

通过详细的数值模拟，研究了气动韦伯数对横流中液体燃料射流的雾化蒸发过程的影响，该数值模拟考虑了欧拉/拉格朗日框架中气液界面和分散颗粒的蒸发。通过对单个液滴的蒸发进行二维（2D）数值模拟，并将计算结果与理论解和湿度数据进行比较，验证了欧拉方式处理的气液界面蒸发模型的准确性。结果表明，详细的数值模拟合理地再现了不同破碎模式下横流液体射流的初级和次级雾化特性。此外，考虑欧拉气液界面的蒸发和拉格朗日分散颗粒对于精确预测燃料与氧化剂的混合和点火至关重要。随着增加，生成的燃料液滴的索特平均直径（SMD）在整个区域中减小。而且，随着增加，燃料蒸气质量分数在上游区域高、在下游区域减少的趋势变得更加明显。然而，尽管蒸发导致的热损失增加，但液柱后面的温度并没有降低。这些行为可以通过液体射流和热空气横流之间的雾化、蒸发和传热差异得到很好的解释。