Eating behaviors are controlled by the neuroendocrine system. Whether endocrine disrupting chemicals have the potential to affect eating behaviors has not been widely studied in humans. We investigated whether maternal and paternal preconception and maternal pregnancy urinary phthalate biomarker and bisphenol-A (BPA) concentrations were associated with children's eating behaviors. We used data from mother-father-child triads in the Preconception Environmental exposure And Childhood health Effects (PEACE) Study, an ongoing prospective cohort study of children aged 6–13 years whose parent(s) previously enrolled in a fertility clinic-based prospective preconception study. We quantified urinary concentrations of 11 phthalate metabolites and BPA in parents' urine samples collected preconceptionally and during pregnancy. Parents rated children's eating behavior using the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). Using multivariable linear regression, accounting for correlation among twins, we estimated covariate-adjusted associations of urinary phthalate biomarkers and BPA concentrations with CEBQ subscale scores. This analysis included 195 children (30 sets of twins), 160 mothers and 97 fathers; children were predominantly non-Hispanic white (84%) and 53% were male. Paternal and maternal preconception monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations and maternal preconception mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) were positively associated with emotional overeating, food responsiveness, and desire to drink scores in children ( 0.11 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.20]–0.21 [95% CI: 0.10, 0.31] per log unit increase in phthalate biomarker concentration). Paternal preconception BPA concentrations were inversely associated with scores on food approaching scales. Maternal pregnancy MnBP, mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and MBzP concentrations were associated with increased emotional undereating scores. Maternal pregnancy monocarboxy-isononyl phthalate concentrations were related to decreased food avoiding subscale scores. In this cohort, higher maternal and paternal preconception urinary concentrations of some phthalate biomarkers were associated with increased food approaching behavior scores and decreased food avoiding behavior scores, which could lead to increased adiposity in children.

中文翻译：

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父母先入为主和孕产妇尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯生物标志物和双酚 A 浓度与儿童饮食行为的关联

饮食行为受神经内分泌系统控制。内分泌干​​扰化学物质是否有可能影响饮食行为尚未在人类中得到广泛研究。我们调查了母亲和父亲的孕前观念以及母亲怀孕时尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯生物标志物和双酚 A (BPA) 的浓度是否与儿童的饮食行为相关。我们在孕前环境暴露和儿童健康影响 (PEACE) 研究中使用了来自母亲-父亲-孩子三联体的数据，该研究是一项正在进行的前瞻性队列研究，对象为 6-13 岁儿童，其父母之前曾参加过基于生育诊所的前瞻性研究先入为主的研究。我们对孕前和怀孕期间收集的父母尿液样本中 11 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物和 BPA 的尿液浓度进行了定量。家长使用儿童饮食行为问卷（CEBQ）对孩子的饮食行为进行评分。使用多变量线性回归，考虑双胞胎之间的相关性，我们估计了尿邻苯二甲酸盐生物标志物和 BPA 浓度与 CEBQ 子量表评分的协变量调整关联。该分析包括 195 名儿童（30 对双胞胎）、160 名母亲和 97 名父亲；儿童主要是非西班牙裔白人 (84%)，53% 是男性。父亲和母亲孕前邻苯二甲酸单苄酯 (MBzP) 浓度和母亲孕前邻苯二甲酸单正丁酯 (MnBP) 与儿童情绪暴饮暴食、食物反应和饮酒欲望评分呈正相关 (0.11 [95% CI: 0.01, 0.20] –0.21 [95% CI: 0.10, 0.31] 邻苯二甲酸盐生物标志物浓度每增加一个对数单位）。父亲的先入为主 BPA 浓度与食物接近量表的得分呈负相关。孕期 MnBP、邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯 (MiBP) 和 MBzP 浓度与情绪性饮食不足评分增加相关。母体妊娠邻苯二甲酸单羧基异壬酯浓度与食物避免子量表得分降低有关。在该队列中，一些邻苯二甲酸酯生物标志物的母亲和父亲孕前尿液浓度较高与食物接近行为评分增加和避免食物行为评分降低相关，这可能导致儿童肥胖增加。