Post-COVID-19, schools urgently need to enhance infection control and prevention (IPC) measures, including water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), to prepare for future outbreaks and pandemics. Particularly in Brazil, that is of particular concern, as students are still recovering from the 20th longest school closure in the world. Hence, the current study had two goals: (i) to describe WASH solutions outlined in policies released at the federal, state, and capital city levels in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic for the safe reopening of schools and (ii) to discuss their potential to enhance school's capacity to remain operational during a new pandemic or outbreak. With a qualitative exploratory approach, we performed content analysis to discuss the direction (what, where, how and for whom?) of 66 public policies by integrating four frameworks. Solutions were discussed in the light of the principles of human rights and the human rights to water and sanitation, international guidelines for WASH and IPC in schools and the Sphere minimum standards for humanitarian aid. One hundred and fifty-nine solutions, spanning five thematic areas and five population groups, including software and hardware interventions, were compiled for potential use in Brazil and beyond. While suggested solutions have the potential to provide a cleaner and safer learning environment, it is essential to exercise caution when implementing these measures and adapt them to the specific circumstances of each school.

中文翻译：

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让学校为未来的流行病做好准备：巴西学校重新开放政策对水、环境卫生和个人卫生解决方案的见解

COVID-19 之后，学校迫切需要加强感染控制和预防 (IPC) 措施，包括水、环境卫生和个人卫生 (WASH)，为未来的疫情爆发和流行病做好准备。尤其是在巴西，这一问题尤其令人担忧，因为学生们仍在从世界上第 20 名最长的学校停课中恢复过来。因此，当前的研究有两个目标：(i) 描述在 COVID-19 大流行期间巴西联邦、州和首都各级发布的政策中概述的 WASH 解决方案，以确保学校安全重新开放；(ii) 讨论它们有潜力增强学校在新的大流行或爆发期间保持运营的能力。我们采用定性探索性方法，通过整合四个框架，进行内容分析，讨论 66 项公共政策的方向（什么、在哪里、如何以及为谁？）。会议根据人权原则、水和卫生设施人权、学校 WASH 和 IPC 国际准则以及人道主义援助领域最低标准讨论了解决方案。编制了一百五十九个解决方案，涵盖五个主题领域和五个人群，包括软件和硬件干预措施，可供巴西及其他地区使用。虽然建议的解决方案有可能提供一个更清洁、更安全的学习环境，但在实施这些措施时必须谨慎行事，并根据每所学校的具体情况进行调整。