Cyanobacterial blooms present substantial challenges to managers and threaten ecological and public health. Although the majority of cyanobacterial bloom research and management focuses on factors that control bloom initiation, duration, toxicity, and geographical extent, relatively little research focuses on the role of loss processes in blooms and how these processes are regulated. Here, we define a loss process in terms of population dynamics as any process that removes cells from a population, thereby decelerating or reducing the development and extent of blooms. We review abiotic (e.g., hydraulic flushing and oxidative stress/UV light) and biotic factors (e.g., allelopathic compounds, infections, grazing, and resting cells/programmed cell death) known to govern bloom loss. We found that the dominant loss processes depend on several system specific factors including cyanobacterial genera-specific traits, physicochemical conditions, and the microbial, phytoplankton, and consumer community composition. We also address loss processes in the context of bloom management and discuss perspectives and challenges in predicting how a changing climate may directly and indirectly affect loss processes on blooms. A deeper understanding of bloom loss processes and their underlying mechanisms may help to mitigate the negative consequences of cyanobacterial blooms and improve current management strategies.

中文翻译：

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是什么让蓝藻水华消失？非生物和生物蓝藻水华损失因素综述

蓝藻水华给管理者带来了巨大的挑战，并威胁着生态和公共健康。尽管大多数蓝藻水华研究和管理重点关注控制水华发生、持续时间、毒性和地理范围的因素，但相对较少的研究关注水华损失过程的作用以及如何调节这些过程。在这里，我们根据种群动态将损失过程定义为从种群中移除细胞的任何过程，从而减缓或减少繁殖的发展和程度。我们回顾了已知控制花期损失的非生物因素（例如，水力冲洗和氧化应激/紫外线）和生物因素（例如，化感作用化合物、感染、放牧和静息细胞/程序性细胞死亡）。我们发现主要的损失过程取决于几个系统特定因素，包括蓝藻属特定性状、理化条件以及微生物、浮游植物和消费者群落组成。我们还讨论了水华管理背景下的损失过程，并讨论了预测气候变化如何直接和间接影响水华损失过程的观点和挑战。更深入地了解水华损失过程及其潜在机制可能有助于减轻蓝藻水华的负面后果并改进当前的管理策略。