Steam reforming of biomass-derived pyrolysis liquids (bio-oil) to produce hydrogen with carbon-based Ni catalysts is gaining attention due to their advantages in terms of cost, sustainability and activity. However, the catalytic activity at long times on stream is compromised by either coke deposition or gasification of the support. To face these drawbacks, two activated carbons have been studied as Ni catalyst support: a microporous carbon of high purity and a mesoporous carbon with phosphorus surface groups. The activity and long-term stability of these catalysts have been studied for the steam reforming of model compounds of bio-oil. The microporous support provided a slightly higher H production and lower contribution of methanation reaction. However, gasification of this support after 20 h led to a decline in the activity, and massive formation of carbon nanotubes and coke. Nevertheless, the resulting material maintained an outstanding stability with high and stable H/CO ratio for 50 h. The P-containing catalyst showed a remarkable long-term stability, but lower H/CO ratio. Carbon gasification was less significant in this catalyst due to the presence of surface phosphorus groups, and the generation of nickel phosphides, which hampers the growth of pyrolytic carbon and carbon nanotubes, leading to a superior stability.

中文翻译：

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用于热解液体模型化合物蒸汽重整的可持续碳基镍催化剂

利用碳基镍催化剂对生物质热解液体（生物油）进行蒸汽重整生产氢气，由于其在成本、可持续性和活性方面的优势而受到关注。然而，长时间运行时的催化活性会因载体的焦炭沉积或气化而受到损害。为了面对这些缺点，人们研究了两种活性炭作为镍催化剂载体：高纯度的微孔碳和具有磷表面基团的介孔碳。这些催化剂的活性和长期稳定性已针对生物油模型化合物的蒸汽重整进行了研究。微孔载体提供了稍高的产氢量和较低的甲烷化反应贡献。然而，20小时后该载体的气化导致活性下降，并大量形成碳纳米管和焦炭。然而，所得材料在 50 小时内保持了出色的稳定性，具有高且稳定的 H/CO 比。含P催化剂表现出显着的长期稳定性，但H/CO比较低。由于表面磷基团的存在以及磷化镍的生成，该催化剂中的碳气化不太明显，这阻碍了热解碳和碳纳米管的生长，从而导致优异的稳定性。