The construction of extraterrestrial bases has become a new goal in the active exploration of deep space. Among the construction techniques, in situ resource-based construction is one of the most promising because of its good sustainability and acceptable economic cost, triggering the development of various types of extraterrestrial construction materials. A comprehensive survey and comparison of materials from the perspective of performance was conducted to provide suggestions for material selection and optimization. Thirteen types of typical construction materials are discussed in terms of their reliability and applicability in extreme extraterrestrial environment. Mechanical, thermal and optical, and radiation-shielding properties are considered. The influencing factors and optimization methods for these properties are analyzed. From the perspective of material properties, the existing challenges lie in the comprehensive, long-term, and real characterization of regolith-based construction materials. Correspondingly, the suggested future directions include the application of high-throughput characterization methods, accelerated durability tests, and conducting extraterrestrial experiments.

中文翻译：

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用于外星建筑的风化层材料的性能和特点

地外基地建设成为积极探索深空的新目标。在建筑技术中，就地资源型建筑因其良好的可持续性和可接受的经济成本而成为最有前途的技术之一，引发了各类外星建筑材料的发展。从性能角度对材料进行全面调查和比较，为材料选择和优化提供建议。讨论了13种典型建筑材料在极端外星环境中的可靠性和适用性。考虑了机械、热和光学以及辐射屏蔽特性。分析了这些性能的影响因素和优化方法。从材料性能的角度来看，现有的挑战在于对风化层基建筑材料进行全面、长期、真实的表征。相应地，建议的未来方向包括高通量表征方法的应用、加速耐久性测试以及进行地外实验。