Postbiotics, the next generation of probiotics, are extracts that are free of living and nonviable bacteria and show strong modulatory effects on the gut flora. Examples include vitamin B12, vitamin K, folate, lipopolysaccharides, enzymes, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), representing a subset of essential nutrients commonly found in the human diet. Postbiotics have been observed to demonstrate antiobesity and antidiabetic effects through a variety of mechanisms. These pathways primarily involve an elevation in energy expenditure, a decrease in the formation and differentiation of adipocytes and food intake, modification of lipid and carbohydrate absorption and metabolism, and regulation of gut dysbiosis. Based on these above effects and mechanisms, the use of postbiotics can be considered as potential strategy for the treatment of metabolic disorders.

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后生元治疗代谢紊乱的潜力

后生元是下一代益生菌，是不含活细菌和非活细菌的提取物，对肠道菌群具有强大的调节作用。例如维生素 B12、维生素 K、叶酸、脂多糖、酶和短链脂肪酸 (SCFA)，它们是人类饮食中常见的必需营养素的子集。据观察，后生元通过多种机制发挥抗肥胖和抗糖尿病作用。这些途径主要涉及能量消耗的增加、脂肪细胞的形成和分化以及食物摄入的减少、脂质和碳水化合物吸收和代谢的改变以及肠道菌群失调的调节。基于上述作用和机制，后生元的使用可以被认为是治疗代谢性疾病的潜在策略。