Identifying neuroimaging risk markers for depression has been an elusive goal in psychopathology research. Despite this, smaller hippocampal volume has emerged as a potential risk marker for depression, with recent research suggesting this association is moderated by family income. The current pre-registered study aimed to replicate and extend these findings by examining the moderating role of family income and three dimensions of environmental experience on the link between hippocampus volume and later depression. Data were drawn from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study and were comprised of 6693 youth aged 9–10 years at baseline. Results indicated that psychosocial threat moderated the association between right hippocampus volume and depression symptoms two years later, such that a negative association was evident in low-threat environments (std. beta=0.15, 95% CI [0.05, 0.24]). This interaction remained significant when baseline depression symptoms were included as a covariate, though only in youth endorsing 1 or more depression symptoms at baseline (β = 0.13, 95% CI = [0.03, 0.22]). These results suggest that hippocampus volume may not be a consistent correlate of depression symptoms in high risk environments and emphasize the importance of including measures of environmental heterogeneity when seeking risk markers for depression.

中文翻译：

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威胁经历可调节青春期海马体体积与抑郁症状之间的联系

识别抑郁症的神经影像风险标记一直是精神病理学研究中难以实现的目标。尽管如此，较小的海马体积已成为抑郁症的潜在风险标志，最近的研究表明这种关联受到家庭收入的调节。目前的预注册研究旨在通过检查家庭收入和环境体验的三个维度对海马体体积与后期抑郁症之间联系的调节作用来复制和扩展这些发现。数据取自青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究，由 6693 名基线年龄为 9-10 岁的青少年组成。结果表明，两年后，心理社会威胁调节了右侧海马体体积与抑郁症状之间的关联，因此在低威胁环境中负相关很明显（标准β = 0.15，95％CI [0.05，0.24]）。当基线抑郁症状被纳入作为协变量时，这种相互作用仍然显着，尽管仅在基线时认可 1 种或多种抑郁症状的青少年中（β = 0.13，95% CI = [0.03，0.22]）。这些结果表明，海马体体积可能与高风险环境中的抑郁症状不一致，并强调在寻找抑郁症风险标记时纳入环境异质性测量的重要性。