The management of human fetal and embryological collections presents an ethical challenge that can be explored from different perspectives, particularly when considering informed consent. The “micro ethics” level focuses on parties engaged in giving and receiving human tissue while the “macro ethics” level focusses on the collective responsibility of the discipline and society. Additionally, adopting a framework, where ways of working are designed with relevant communities, requires understanding the perspectives of individuals, communities, and organizations. The aim of this study therefore was to assess the perceptions of education-focused Australian stakeholders. A survey collected the perspectives of 198 participants. The majority of participants (61.6%; n = 122/198) indicated that human fetal and embryological remains obtained prior to era of informed consent should be retained for use in education/research. It is likely that their perspective is based on the notion that if human fetal and embryological collections are used for good, then disposing of them would deny this benefit. Women (p < 0.001) indicated a preference for obtaining fetuses and embryos with informed consent for education and research (38.4%; n = 76/198). Majority were in favor of recording both maternal (MI) (59.6%; n = 118/198) and paternal information (PI) (58.1%; n = 115/198) with each donation. Majority (56.1%; n = 111/198) expressed that donations should be accepted from both parental sources. Consideration of stakeholder perspectives is important in developing guidelines regarding these collections. The results from this study demonstrate a level of discomfort with respect to collections without informed consent, which should be considered at the macro ethical and micro ethical level.

中文翻译：

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胎儿和胚胎收集中的宏观和微观伦理：探索澳大利亚教育相关利益相关者的知情同意范式

人类胎儿和胚胎收集的管理提出了伦理挑战，可以从不同的角度进行探讨，特别是在考虑知情同意时。 “微观伦理”层面关注参与人体组织捐赠和接受的各方，而“宏观伦理”层面关注学科和社会的集体责任。此外，采用与相关社区一起设计工作方式的框架需要了解个人、社区和组织的观点。因此，本研究的目的是评估以教育为重点的澳大利亚利益相关者的看法。一项调查收集了 198 名参与者的观点。大多数参与者（61.6%；n  = 122/198）表示，在知情同意时代之前获得的人类胎儿和胚胎遗骸应保留用于教育/研究。他们的观点很可能是基于这样的观念：如果人类胎儿和胚胎收集品被用于善意，那么处置它们就会否定这种好处。女性 ( p  < 0.001) 表示倾向于在知情同意的情况下获得胎儿和胚胎用于教育和研究 (38.4%; n  = 76/198)。大多数人赞成在每次捐赠时记录母亲信息 (MI) (59.6%; n  = 118/198) 和父亲信息 (PI) (58.1%; n  = 115/198)。大多数人（56.1%；n  = 111/198）表示应接受父母双方的捐赠。在制定有关这些馆藏的指南时，考虑利益相关者的观点非常重要。这项研究的结果表明，未经知情同意而进行的收集存在一定程度的不适，应在宏观伦理和微观伦理层面上予以考虑。