After tooth loss in the posterior area of the maxilla, sinus floor elevation is often required to compensate the vertical bone loss due to sinus pneumatization. This narrative review reports on the potential benefits of autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) during this procedure. As for transcrestal approach, APCs have been used as “sole” substitute/graft. However, because of the low number of clinical trials available with PRGF, and even none for PRP, no definitive conclusions can be made regarding their efficacy. The number of studies on the use of L-PRF were outnumbered indicating good feasibility for vertical bone gain, with a high implant survival rate and a low degree of complications. PRP and PRGF have not been studied as a “single/sole” substitute for a one-stage lateral window approach, probably because of the weak physical characteristics of the membranes. L-PRF alone appears to be a predictable grafting material for lateral maxillary sinus grafting and a reduced RBH should not be considered as a risk factor. Compared to a “standard” bone substitute L-PRF shows slightly less vertical bone gain (consider enough membrane application and use of bony window as new sinus floor roof over the implant apices), enhanced early resorption (first 6 months after application), but a similar stable bone gain afterward. For a two-stage lateral window approach, APCs “alone” cannot be recommended, due to their weak withstand to the sinus pneumatization forces. APCs combined with bone substitutes seem to accelerate bone formation, without any additional benefits on the long-term new bone gain. The use of L-PRF membranes for the treatment of perforations appears to be an effective treatment option, but further clinical studies are needed to confirm this. Even though the abovementioned statements are based on large numbers of studies, additional RCTs comparing APCs with different types of grafting procedures for sinus elevation are needed.

中文翻译：

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APCs 在窦底增强中的应用

上颌后部区域牙齿缺失后，通常需要抬高上颌窦底，以补偿由于上颌窦气化而导致的垂直骨质流失。这篇叙述性评论报告了自体浓缩血小板 (APC) 在此过程中的潜在益处。至于经牙槽嵴入路，APC 已被用作“唯一”替代品/移植物。然而，由于 PRGF 的临床试验数量很少，甚至没有 PRP 的临床试验，因此无法就其疗效得出明确的结论。关于使用 L-PRF 的研究数量众多，表明垂直骨增益具有良好的可行性，种植体存活率高，并发症程度低。PRP 和 PRGF 尚未被研究作为单阶段侧窗方法的“单一/唯一”替代品，可能是因为膜的物理特性较弱。单独的 L-PRF 似乎是外侧上颌窦移植的可预测移植材料，并且 RBH 降低不应被视为危险因素。与“标准”骨替代物相比，L-PRF 显示垂直骨增益稍低（考虑足够的膜应用并使用骨窗作为种植体顶端上的新窦底屋顶），增强的早期吸收（应用后前 6 个月），但之后也有类似的稳定骨量增加。对于两阶段侧窗入路，不建议“单独”使用 APC，因为它们对窦气化力的承受能力较弱。APC 与骨替代物相结合似乎可以加速骨形成，但对长期新骨增长没有任何额外好处。使用L-PRF膜治疗穿孔似乎是一种有效的治疗选择，但需要进一步的临床研究来证实这一点。尽管上述陈述基于大量研究，但仍需要进行额外的随机对照试验，将 APC 与不同类型的上颌窦抬高移植手术进行比较。