While the “precision nutrition” movement is at an early stage of development, several investigations have compared low-fat versus carbohydrate (CHO)-modified diets (i.e., low-or-reduced-CHO, low glycemic index/load diets, and high-fiber) in people with normal versus impaired glucose metabolism. The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize evidence in support of the hypothesis that CHO-modified diets are more effective for weight loss among people with impaired glucose metabolism. Fifteen articles were included in this review: seven retrospective analyses of randomized clinical trials and eight prospective randomized clinical trials with prespecified hypotheses related to a diet (low-fat vs. CHO-modified) × phenotype (normal vs. impaired) interaction. Evidence in support of the hypothesis was identified in six of seven retrospective and three of eight prospective studies, which led to a recommendation of CHO-modified diets as a first-line option for people with impaired glucose metabolism. However, the evidence in support of this recommendation is relatively weak, and dietary prescriptions should consider additional contextual information that may influence overall dietary adherence. Additional and rigorous research using innovative randomized experimental approaches is needed for stronger dietary weight loss recommendations based on pretreatment glycemic status.

中文翻译：

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碳水化合物改良饮食是否应该成为糖代谢受损人群减肥的首选？范围审查

虽然“精准营养”运动正处于发展的早期阶段，但多项研究比较了低脂肪与碳水化合物 (CHO) 改良饮食（即低或减少 CHO、低血糖指数/负荷饮食和高碳水化合物饮食）。 -纤维）在糖代谢正常与受损的人群中。本次范围审查的目的是总结支持这一假设的证据，即 CHO 改良饮食对于葡萄糖代谢受损的人群减肥更有效。本综述纳入了 15 篇文章：7 项随机临床试验的回顾性分析和 8 项前瞻性随机临床试验，其中预先设定了与饮食（低脂与 CHO 改良）× 表型（正常与受损）相互作用相关的假设。在七项回顾性研究中的六项和八项前瞻性研究中的三项中发现了支持这一假设的证据，从而建议将 CHO 改良饮食作为糖代谢受损患者的一线选择。然而，支持这一建议的证据相对较弱，饮食处方应考虑可能影响整体饮食依从性的额外背景信息。需要使用创新的随机实验方法进行额外的严格研究，以便根据治疗前血糖状况提出更强有力的饮食减肥建议。