The polyhydroxylated steroid phytohormone brassinosteroids (BRs) control many aspects of plant growth, development and responses to environmental changes. Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase, the well-known PM proton pump, is a central regulator in plant physiology, which mediates not only plant growth and development, but also adaptation to stresses. Recent studies highlight that PM H+-ATPase is at least partly regulated via the BR signaling. Firstly, the BR cell surface receptor BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and multiple key components of BR signaling directly or indirectly influence PM H+-ATPase activity. Secondly, the SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) gene family physically interacts with BRI1 to enhance organ development of Arabidopsis by activating PM H+-ATPase. Thirdly, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) assays showed that the expression of some SAUR genes is upregulated under the light or sucrose conditions, which is related to the phosphorylation state of the penultimate residue of PM H+-ATPase in a time-course manner. In this review, we describe the structural and functional features of PM H+-ATPase, and summarize recent progress toward understanding the regulatory mechanism of PM H+-ATPase by BRs, and briefly introduce how PM H+-ATPase activity is modulated by its own biterminal regions and the post-translational modifications.

中文翻译：

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通过油菜素类固醇信号通路了解质膜H+-ATP酶调节机制的最新进展

多羟基类固醇植物激素油菜素类固醇 (BR) 控制植物生长、发育和对环境变化的反应的许多方面。质膜 (PM) H+-ATP 酶，即著名的 PM 质子泵，是植物生理学的中心调节因子，不仅介导植物生长和发育，还介导植物对逆境的适应。最近的研究强调 PM H+-ATP 酶至少部分通过 BR 信号传导进行调节。首先，BR 细胞表面受体 BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) 和 BR 信号传导的多个关键成分直接或间接影响 PM H+-ATPase 活性。其次，SMALL AUXIN UP RNA (SAUR) 基因家族与 BRI1 发生物理相互作用，通过激活 PM H+-ATPase 来增强拟南芥的器官发育。第三，RNA测序（RNA-seq）分析表明，一些SAUR基因的表达在光或蔗糖条件下上调，这与PM H+-ATPase倒数第二个残基的磷酸化状态有关。 。在这篇综述中，我们描述了PM H+-ATPase的结构和功能特征，总结了BRs对PM H+-ATPase调节机制的最新进展，并简要介绍了PM H+-ATPase活性如何通过其自身的双端区域调节以及翻译后修饰。