Exercise is recognized to play an observable role in improving human health, especially in promoting muscle hypertrophy and intervening in muscle mass loss-related diseases, including sarcopenia. Recent rapid advances have demonstrated that exercise induces the release of abundant cytokines from several tissues (e.g., liver, muscle, and adipose tissue), and multiple cytokines improve the functions or expand the numbers of adult stem cells, providing candidate cytokines for alleviating a wide range of diseases. Muscle satellite cells (SCs) are a population of muscle stem cells that are mitotically quiescent but exit from the dormancy state to become activated in response to physical stimuli, after which SCs undergo asymmetric divisions to generate new SCs (stem cell pool maintenance) and commit to later differentiation into myocytes (skeletal muscle replenishment). SCs are essential for the postnatal growth, maintenance, and regeneration of skeletal muscle. Emerging evidence reveals that exercise regulates muscle function largely via the exercise-induced cytokines that govern SC potential, but this phenomenon is complicated and confusing. This review provides a comprehensive integrative overview of the identified exercise-induced cytokines and the roles of these cytokines in SC function, providing a more complete picture regarding the mechanism of SC homeostasis and rejuvenation therapies for skeletal muscle.

中文翻译：

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特定运动诱导细胞因子控制肌肉卫星细胞功能及其在肌肉维护中的应用

运动被认为在改善人类健康方面发挥着显着的作用，特别是在促进肌肉肥大和干预与肌肉质量损失相关的疾病（包括肌肉减少症）方面。最近的快速进展表明，运动可诱导多种组织（如肝脏、肌肉和脂肪组织）释放丰富的细胞因子，并且多种细胞因子可改善成体干细胞的功能或增加成体干细胞的数量，为缓解广泛的疾病提供候选细胞因子。疾病范围。肌肉卫星细胞 (SC) 是一群肌肉干细胞，处于有丝分裂静止状态，但退出休眠状态，响应物理刺激而被激活，此后 SC 经历不对称分裂，产生新的 SC（干细胞池维护）并提交到后来分化成肌细胞（骨骼肌补充）。 SC 对于骨骼肌的出生后生长、维持和再生至关重要。新的证据表明，运动主要通过运动诱导的细胞因子来调节肌肉功能，这些细胞因子控制 SC 电位，但这种现象是复杂且令人困惑的。这篇综述对已确定的运动诱导细胞因子以及这些细胞因子在 SC 功能中的作用进行了全面综合概述，提供了有关 SC 稳态机制和骨骼肌再生疗法的更完整的图片。