The twelve principles of Green Analytical Chemistry serve as a guideline for introducing greenness in the analytical methods. Microextraction-based sample preparation has been developed as a greener alternative to large-scale liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction, minimizing the amount of solvents, eliminating toxic substances, reducing sample size, and generating less waste. However, the establishment of microextraction as the standard method in routine analysis is still limited, although they are becoming increasingly available. Therefore, this review aims to emphasize the features of microextractions and their evaluation using greenness metrics. The greenness metrics, such as NEMI, AES, GAPI, AGREE, their modified versions, and the new SPMS, are discussed along with their application to microextractions. The analysis involves comparing their scores and highlighting factors that influence their greenness. In summary, microextraction techniques could be a preferred choice in future to replace large-scale extraction and be used as standard methods for routine laboratories.

中文翻译：

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用于评估微萃取方法的绿色分析化学指标：现实应用中令人着迷或必不可少的工具？

绿色分析化学的十二条原则是在分析方法中引入绿色的指南。基于微萃取的样品制备已被开发为大规模液液萃取和固相萃取的更绿色替代方案，可最大程度地减少溶剂用量、消除有毒物质、减小样品量并减少废物产生。然而，尽管微萃取正变得越来越可用，但其作为常规分析标准方法的建立仍然有限。因此，本综述旨在强调微萃取的特点及其使用绿色度指标的评估。讨论了 NEMI、AES、GAPI、AGREE 等绿色指标及其修改版本和新的 SPMS，以及它们在微萃取中的应用。分析包括比较他们的分数并突出显示影响其绿色度的因素。总之，微萃取技术可能是未来取代大规模萃取的首选，并用作常规实验室的标准方法。