Ancient environmental samples, including permafrost soils and frozen animal remains, represent an archive with microbial communities that have barely been explored. This yet unexplored microbial world is a genetic resource that may provide us with new evolutionary insights into recent genomic changes, as well as novel metabolic pathways and chemistry. Here, we describe Actinomycetota Micromonospora, Oerskovia, Saccharopolyspora, Sanguibacter and Streptomyces species were successfully revived and their genome sequences resolved. Surprisingly, the genomes of these bacteria from an ancient source show a large phylogenetic distance to known strains and harbour many novel biosynthetic gene clusters that may well represent uncharacterised biosynthetic potential. Metabolic profiles of the strains display the production of known molecules like antimycin, conglobatin and macrotetrolides, but the majority of the mass features could not be dereplicated. Our work provides insights into Actinomycetota isolated from an ancient source, yielding unexplored genomic information that is not yet present in current databases.

中文翻译：

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从 28,000 年前猛犸象粪便中分离出的放线菌的分类学和代谢多样性

古代环境样本，包括永久冻土和冷冻动物遗骸，代表了几乎未被探索过的微生物群落档案。这个尚未探索的微生物世界是一种遗传资源，可以为我们提供有关最近基因组变化的新进化见解，以及新的代谢途径和化学反应。在这里，我们描述了放线 菌属小单孢菌属、厄氏菌属、糖多孢菌属、桑吉杆菌属和链霉菌属物种已成功复活，并解析了它们的基因组序列。令人惊讶的是，这些来自古老来源的细菌的基因组与已知菌株显示出很大的系统发育距离，并且含有许多新的生物合成基因簇，这些基因簇可能很好地代表了未表征的生物合成潜力。这些菌株的代谢特征显示出已知分子的产生，如抗霉素、孔球菌素和大环四内酯，但大多数质量特征无法被消除。我们的工作提供了对从古代来源中分离出的放线菌的见解，产生了当前数据库中尚未存在的未经探索的基因组信息。