Depression is not similar to daily mood fluctuations and temporary emotional responses to day-to-day activities. Depression is not a passing problem; it is an ongoing problem. It deals with different episodes consisting of several symptoms that last for at least 2 weeks. It can be seen for several weeks, months, or years. At its final stage, or can say, in its worst condition, it can lead to suicide. Antidepressants are used to inhibit the reuptake of the neurotransmitters by some selective receptors, which increase the concentration of specific neurotransmitters around the nerves in the brain. Drugs that are currently being used for the management of various types of depression include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, atypical antidepressants, serotonin, noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, etc. In this review, we have outlined different symptoms, causes, and recent advancements in nitrogen-containing heterocyclic drug candidates for the management of depression. This article highlights the various structural features along with the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of nitrogen-containing heterocyclics that play a key role in binding at target sites for potential antidepressant action. The in silico studies were carried out to determine the binding interactions of the target ligands with the receptor site to determine the potential role of substitution patterns at core pharmacophoric features. This article will help medicinal chemists, biochemists, and other interested researchers in identifying the potential pharmacophores as lead compounds for further development of new potent antidepressants.

中文翻译：

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含氮杂环化合物：抑郁症的一线希望？

抑郁症与日常情绪波动和对日常活动的暂时情绪反应不同。抑郁症不是一个暂时的问题；而是一个问题。这是一个持续存在的问题。它处理由持续至少两周的几种症状组成的不同发作。它可以持续几周、几个月或几年。在其最后阶段，或者可以说，在最糟糕的情况下，它可能会导致自杀。抗抑郁药用于抑制某些选择性受体对神经递质的再摄取，从而增加大脑神经周围特定神经递质的浓度。目前用于治疗各种类型抑郁症的药物包括选择性5-羟色胺再摄取抑制剂、三环类抗抑郁药、非典型抗抑郁药、5-羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制剂等。在这篇综述中，我们概述了不同的症状、原因和最新进展用于治疗抑郁症的含氮杂环候选药物。本文重点介绍了含氮杂环化合物的各种结构特征以及构效关系 (SAR)，这些特征在结合靶位点以发挥潜在抗抑郁作用方面发挥着关键作用。进行计算机研究以确定目标配体与受体位点的结合相互作用，以确定取代模式在核心药效团特征中的潜在作用。本文将帮助药物化学家、生物化学家和其他感兴趣的研究人员识别潜在的药效团作为先导化合物，以进一步开发新型有效的抗抑郁药。