Sustainable diets are gaining interest as a possible approach to tackle climate change and the global extent of obesity. Yet, the association between sustainable diets and adiposity remains unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, calculating summary relative risks and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We pooled maximally adjusted risk estimates, assessed heterogeneity and publication bias, calculated the E-value, and evaluated the risk of bias across the included studies. A total of eight studies were eligible for analysis. Comparing the highest versus the lowest levels of adherence to sustainable diets, the pooled effect estimate was 0.69 (95% CI = 0.62–0.76) for overweight and 0.61 (95% CI = 0.47–0.78) for obesity. These results suggest that sustainable diets may decrease the risk of overweight/obesity and therefore could serve as enablers for improving both public and planetary health. An agreed-upon clear definition of sustainable diets would enhance the comparability of future studies in this area.

中文翻译：

---

可持续饮食与超重和肥胖的风险：系统评价和荟萃分析

可持续饮食作为应对气候变化和全球肥胖问题的一种可能方法越来越受到人们的关注。然而，可持续饮食与肥胖之间的关系仍不清楚。我们进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析，计算总结相对风险和 95% 置信区间 (CI)。我们汇总了最大调整的风险估计，评估了异质性和发表偏倚，计算了 E 值，并评估了纳入研究的偏倚风险。共有八项研究符合分析条件。比较坚持可持续饮食的最高水平与最低水平，超重的汇总效应估计为 0.69 (95% CI = 0.62–0.76)，肥胖的汇总效应估计为 0.61 (95% CI = 0.47–0.78)。这些结果表明，可持续饮食可以降低超重/肥胖的风险，因此可以成为改善公众和地球健康的推动者。对可持续饮食达成一致的明确定义将增强该领域未来研究的可比性。