The term “pancreatic beta-cell lipotoxicity” refers to the detrimental effects of free fatty acids (FFAs) on a wide variety of cellular functions. Basic research in the field has primarily analyzed the effects of palmitic acid and oleic acid. The focus on these two physiological FFAs, however, ignores differences in chain length and degree of saturation. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the lipotoxic mechanisms, a wide range of structurally related FFAs should be investigated. Structure–activity relationship analyses of FFAs in the human EndoC-βH1 beta-cell line have provided a deep insight into the mechanisms of beta-cell lipotoxicity. This review focuses on the effects of a wide range of FFAs with crucial structural determinants for the development of lipotoxicity in human beta cells and documents an association between increased triglyceride stores in obesity and in type 2 diabetes.

中文翻译：

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肥胖和2型糖尿病条件下脂毒性诱导人胰腺β细胞功能障碍和死亡的机制

术语“胰腺 β 细胞脂毒性”是指游离脂肪酸 (FFA) 对多种细胞功能的有害影响。该领域的基础研究主要分析了棕榈酸和油酸的作用。然而，对这两种生理 FFA 的关注忽略了链长和饱和度的差异。为了全面了解脂毒性机制，应研究各种结构相关的 FFA。人类 EndoC-βH1 β 细胞系中 FFA 的结构-活性关系分析为 β 细胞脂毒性机制提供了深入的见解。本综述重点关注多种 FFA 的影响，这些 FFA 对人类 β 细胞脂毒性的发展具有关键的结构决定因素，并记录了肥胖和 2 型糖尿病中甘油三酯储存增加之间的关联。