Irreversible ion migration from the perovskite layer to the charge transport layer and metal electrodes causes irreversible efficiency loss in perovskite solar cells. Confining the mobile ions within the perovskite layer is a promising strategy to improve the long-term operational stability of solar cells. Here we inhibit the migration of iodide ions out of the perovskite under light illumination by creating a depletion region inside the perovskite layer. Precise control of the doping depth induces an electric field within the perovskite that counteracts ion migration while enhancing carrier separation. Our devices exhibit a certified power conversion efficiency of 24.6% and maintain over 88% of the initial efficiency after 1,920 h of continuous illumination under maximum power point conditions (65 °C in ambient air, following the ISOS-L-2 protocol). The power conversion efficiency returns to more than 94% of its initial value after overnight recovery. When operating under repeated 12 h light on/off cycles for over 10,000 h (solar simulator at 65 °C and ambient air, following the ISOS-LC-2 protocol), the efficiency loss is less than 2%. We expect this method to open up new and effective avenues towards enhancing the long-term stability of high-performance perovskite photovoltaics.

从钙钛矿层到电荷传输层和金属电极的不可逆离子迁移导致钙钛矿太阳能电池不可逆的效率损失。将移动离子限制在钙钛矿层内是提高太阳能电池长期运行稳定性的一种有前景的策略。在这里，我们通过在钙钛矿层内部创建耗尽区来抑制碘离子在光照下从钙钛矿中迁移出来。精确控制掺杂深度会在钙钛矿内产生电场，从而抵消离子迁移，同时增强载流子分离。我们的器件经认证的功率转换效率为 24.6%，在最大功率点条件（环境空气温度为 65 °C，遵循 ISOS-L-2 协议）下连续照明 1,920 小时后，仍能保持初始效率的 88% 以上。经过一夜恢复后，功率转换效率恢复到初始值的 94% 以上。当重复 12 小时开/关循环运行超过 10,000 小时（太阳能模拟器在 65 °C 和环境空气下，遵循 ISOS-LC-2 协议）时，效率损失小于 2%。我们期望这种方法能够为增强高性能钙钛矿光伏电池的长期稳定性开辟新的有效途径。