Despite the popularity of women’s football (soccer), in 1921 the Football Association in England outlawed women from playing on association members’ pitches and stated that ‘the game of football is quite unsuitable for females and ought not to be encouraged.’1 Many countries followed suit, with the ‘ban’ remaining in place for almost 50 years until the English Women’s Football Association was formed in 1969.1 Was the ‘ban’ justified to ‘protect’ players of the female sex? (NB: sex refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features and usually expressed as male or female).2 When it comes to concussion, some might argue that it was justified. Female players are around 50% more likely to sustain a concussion playing football than their male counterparts,3 with evidence suggesting that female football players also report more symptoms.4 5 While the mechanism of concussion in football in both male and female players is more likely from player to player contact when two or more players are competing for an aerial ball (eg, elbow-head impacts), female players appear more likely to be injured by the ball itself.4 6 However, there is a paucity of female-specific data; to date, over 80% of sports-related concussion research has been completed in male athletes, with 40% of studies included within concussion consensus and position papers containing no female participants.7 These male-biased research findings are often directly applied to female athletes, with any observed differences blindly attributed to sex differences (rather than taking into consideration sociocultural factors such as a …

中文翻译：

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女性、脑震荡和争论一个古老的神话：足球运动并非“不适合女性”

尽管女子足球（英式足球）很受欢迎，但英格兰足球协会在 1921 年禁止妇女在协会成员的球场上踢球，并表示“足球运动非常不适合女性，不应该被鼓励。”1许多国家紧随其后，“禁令”持续了近 50 年，直到 1969 年英国女子足球协会成立。1 “禁令”是否有理由“保护”女性球员？（注：性别是指与身体和生理特征相关的一组生物属性，通常表示为男性或女性）。2 当谈到脑震荡时，有些人可能会认为这是合理的。与男运动员相比，女运动员在踢足球时遭受脑震荡的可能性高出 50% 左右，3 有证据表明女足球运动员也报告了更多的症状。4 5 虽然男女运动员在足球比赛中发生脑震荡的机制更有可能发生从球员之间的接触来看，当两名或两名以上球员争夺空中球时（例如，肘部撞击），女性球员似乎更容易被球本身伤害。4 6 然而，缺乏针对女性的具体措施数据; 迄今为止，超过 80% 的运动相关脑震荡研究已在男性运动员中完成，其中 40% 的研究包含在不包含女性参与者的脑震荡共识和立场文件中。 7 这些偏向男性的研究结果通常直接应用于女性运动员，任何观察到的差异都盲目地归因于性别差异（而不是考虑社会文化因素，例如......