Establishing a pre-metastatic niche (PMN) in secondary organs is a prerequisite for cancer metastases. Despite advances in cancer therapy, the efficient inhibition of PMN formation remains a clinical challenge. Recent advances in understanding the specific characteristics of PMN and advances in nanotechnology have provided hope for manipulating their microenvironments. A series of nanostrategies have been designed to eliminate the PMN, including the removal of pro-metastatic exosomes from the bloodstream for excretion via the intestines, the targeting and scavenging of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, fibroblasts, and critical extracellular matrix components, and the elimination of circulating tumor cells prior to colonization in distant organs. This review summarizes the underlying mechanisms of PMN formation, highlights the anti-PMN efficacy of currently reported nanostrategies, and underlines the unresolved questions.

在次要器官中建立转移前生态位（PMN）是癌症转移的先决条件。尽管癌症治疗取得了进展，但有效抑制中性粒细胞形成仍然是临床挑战。最近在了解中性粒细胞的具体特征方面取得的进展和纳米技术的进步为操纵其微环境带来了希望。人们设计了一系列纳米策略来消除PMN，包括从血流中去除促转移外泌体以通过肠道排泄，靶向和清除骨髓源性抑制细胞、成纤维细胞和关键的细胞外基质成分，以及在远距离器官定植之前消除循环肿瘤细胞。这篇综述总结了中性粒细胞形成的潜在机制，强调了目前报道的纳米策略的抗中性粒细胞功效，并强调了尚未解决的问题。