Amid rising congestion and transport emissions, policymakers are embracing the ‘15-minute city’ model, which envisions neighbourhoods where basic needs can be met within a short walk from home. Prior research has primarily examined amenity access without exploring its relationship to behaviour. We introduce a measure of local trip behaviour using GPS data from 40 million US mobile devices, defining ‘15-minute usage’ as the proportion of consumption-related trips made within a 15-minute walk from home. Our findings show that the median resident makes only 14% of daily consumption trips locally. Differences in access to local amenities can explain 84% and 74% of the variation in 15-minute usage across and within urban areas, respectively. Historical data from New York zoning policies suggest a causal relationship between local access and 15-minute usage. However, we find a trade-off: increased local usage correlates with higher experienced segregation for low-income residents, signalling potential socio-economic challenges in achieving local living.

在交通拥堵和交通排放日益严重的情况下，政策制定者正在拥抱“15分钟城市”模式，该模式设想社区的基本需求可以在距离家仅几步之遥的范围内得到满足。先前的研究主要考察了便利设施的使用情况，而没有探讨其与行为的关系。我们利用 4000 万台美国移动设备的 GPS 数据引入了一种衡量当地出行行为的方法，将“15 分钟使用时间”定义为距家 15 分钟步行路程内进行的消费相关出行的比例。我们的研究结果显示，居民日常消费出行中只有 14% 在本地进行。使用当地便利设施的差异可以分别解释城市地区之间和城市内部 15 分钟使用时间差异的 84% 和 74%。纽约分区政策的历史数据表明本地访问与 15 分钟使用时间之间存在因果关系。然而，我们发现了一个权衡：本地使用量的增加与低收入居民的隔离经验较高相关，这表明实现本地生活面临潜在的社会经济挑战。