Soybean oil is currently being studied as lubricating oils in various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and UAV, due to its renewability, biodegradability, and non-toxicity. In vegetable oils, the vast majority of fatty acids are unsaturated. This research demonstrates that the tribological properties of high oleic soybean oil (HOSO) can be improved by the conversion of the unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids via a novel chemical modification process. Ethylaluminum sesquichloride (Et₃Al₂Cl₃) and isopropyl bromide were added to a HOSO solution in methylene chloride for chemical modification of the base oil. After stirring and characterization via thin layer chromatography (TLC), the organic phase was washed with hydrochloric acid, water, and brine solution. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), 1D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry, and 2D heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR were leveraged to characterize raw and chemically modified soybean oils. The physicochemical properties of high oleic soybean oil (HOSO), chemically modified branched high oleic soybean oil (BHOSO), and high oleic sunflower oil (HOSuO) were determined and correlated with their tribological behavior. The reciprocating friction and wear performance of select lubricants were tested using a ball-on-flat type reciprocating tribometer at room temperature and 100 °C. It was found that the chemical modification process increased wear resistance by around 10% at room temperature and 100 °C. Major differences in wear mechanisms were further analyzed using white light interferometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) techniques.

中文翻译：

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研究新开发的化学改性技术对改善高油酸大豆油摩擦学性能的影响

由于大豆油的可再生性、可生物降解性和无毒性，目前正在研究将大豆油作为各种行业的润滑油，包括汽车、航空航天和无人机。在植物油中，绝大多数脂肪酸是不饱和的。这项研究表明，通过一种新颖的化学改性工艺将不饱和脂肪酸转化为饱和脂肪酸，可以改善高油酸大豆油（HOSO）的摩擦学特性。将乙基倍半氯化铝(Et ₃ Al ₂ Cl ₃ )和异丙基溴添加到二氯甲烷中的HOSO溶液中以对基础油进行化学改性。搅拌并通过薄层色谱(TLC)表征后，用盐酸、水和盐水溶液洗涤有机相。利用气相色谱-质谱 (GCMS)、一维核磁共振 (NMR) 光谱和二维异核单量子相干 (HSQC) NMR 来表征原始大豆油和化学改性大豆油。测定了高油酸大豆油 (HOSO)、化学改性支化高油酸大豆油 (BHOSO) 和高油酸葵花籽油 (HOSuO) 的物理化学性质，并将其与其摩擦学行为相关联。使用平球型往复式摩擦磨损试验机在室温和 100 °C 下测试了选定润滑剂的往复摩擦和磨损性能。结果发现，化学改性工艺在室温和100℃下耐磨性提高了约10%。使用白光干涉测量、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 和能量色散 X 射线光谱 (EDS) 技术进一步分析了磨损机制的主要差异。