Integrative experiments, as described, seem blindly empirical, as if the question of generality of effects could not be understood through controlled one-at-a-time experiments. But current research using such experiments, especially applied research, can resolve issues and make progress through understanding of cause–effect pathways, leaving to engineers the task of translating this understanding into practice.

中文翻译：

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大象的其他腿：一些科学实际上做了什么

正如所描述的，综合实验似乎是盲目的经验主义，就好像效果的普遍性问题无法通过受控的一次性实验来理解。但目前使用此类实验的研究，特别是应用研究，可以通过理解因果路径来解决问题并取得进展，从而将这种理解转化为实践的任务留给了工程师。