Intracellular experiencing oxidative stress downregulates aerobic respiration. To maintain cellular energetics during periods of oxidative stress, intracellular must utilize terminal electron acceptors of lower energetic value than molecular oxygen. We show here that intracellular undergoes anaerobic respiration during adaptation to the respiratory burst of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase in macrophages and in mice. Reactive oxygen species generated by phagocytes oxidize methionine, generating methionine sulfoxide. Anaerobic uses the molybdenum cofactor-containing DmsABC enzymatic complex to reduce methionine sulfoxide. The enzymatic activity of the methionine sulfoxide reductase DmsABC helps maintain an alkaline cytoplasm that supports the synthesis of the antioxidant hydrogen sulfide via cysteine desulfuration while providing a source of methionine and fostering redox balancing by associated dehydrogenases. Our investigations demonstrate that nontyphoidal responding to oxidative stress exploits the anaerobic metabolism associated with gene products, a pathway that has accrued inactivating mutations in human-adapted typhoidal serovars.

中文翻译：

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宿主来源的蛋氨酸亚砜的无氧呼吸保护细胞内沙门氏菌免受吞噬细胞 NADPH 氧化酶的侵害

细胞内经历氧化应激会下调有氧呼吸。为了在氧化应激期间维持细胞能量，细胞内必须利用能量值低于分子氧的末端电子受体。我们在此表明​​，在巨噬细胞和小鼠中，细胞内在适应吞噬细胞 NADPH 氧化酶的呼吸爆发期间经历无氧呼吸。吞噬细胞产生的活性氧氧化蛋氨酸，产生蛋氨酸亚砜。Anaerobic 使用含钼辅因子的 DmsABC 酶复合物来还原蛋氨酸亚砜。蛋氨酸亚砜还原酶 DmsABC 的酶活性有助于维持碱性细胞质，通过半胱氨酸脱硫支持抗氧化剂硫化氢的合成，同时提供蛋氨酸来源并通过相关脱氢酶促进氧化还原平衡。我们的研究表明，非伤寒对氧化应激的反应利用了与基因产物相关的无氧代谢，这一途径在适应人类的伤寒血清型中产生了失活突变。