Of the goals and targets specified by the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, Target 3, often referred to as “30 × 30,” has garnered widespread attention globally. In this paper, we critique India's potential to meet this target. We find that with its vast network of ecosystems that are under some form of protection and through the recognition of other effective area-based conservation measures sites, India has the potential to meet the quantitative target of conserving and managing at least 30% of its area by 2030. However, the qualitative attributes of the target might be more difficult to realize owing to several challenges, such as inadequate landscape connectivity, insufficient representation of habitats in the current protected area model, and the exacerbation of socioeconomic vulnerabilities of resource-dependent communities. To achieve strategic, inclusive, and equitable conservation, we suggest a four-pronged approach involving landscape-level biodiversity conservation, socially just and collaborative safeguarding of biodiversity, and relevant policy (re)formulation, informed and underlain by long-term research and impact monitoring. Although we focus on India, the issues we discuss are of broader relevance, especially for countries across the Global South that are also likely to be significantly impacted by the implementation of the target.

中文翻译：

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印度实现“30×30”：潜力、挑战和前进之路

在《昆明-蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架》规定的目标和具体目标中，目标3，通常被称为“30×30”，受到了全球的广泛关注。在本文中，我们批评印度实现这一目标的潜力。我们发现，由于其庞大的生态系统网络受到某种形式的保护，并且通过认可其他有效的区域保护措施地点，印度有潜力实现保护和管理至少 30% 面积的量化目标到 2030 年。然而，由于若干挑战，例如景观连通性不足、当前保护区模型中栖息地的代表性不足以及资源依赖社区的社会经济脆弱性加剧等，该目标的定性属性可能更难以实现。为了实现战略性、包容性和公平的保护，我们建议采取四管齐下的方法，包括景观层面的生物多样性保护、生物多样性的社会公正和协作保护以及相关政策（重新）制定，并以长期研究和影响为基础。监控。尽管我们重点关注印度，但我们讨论的问题具有更广泛的相关性，特别是对于也可能受到目标实施影响的南半球国家。