Targeted neonatal echocardiography (TNE) involves the use of comprehensive echocardiography to appraise cardiovascular physiology and neonatal hemodynamics to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic precision in the neonatal intensive care unit. Since the last publication of guidelines for TNE in 2011, the field has matured through the development of formalized neonatal hemodynamics fellowships, clinical programs, and the expansion of scientific knowledge to further enhance clinical care. The most common indications for TNE include adjudication of hemodynamic significance of a patent ductus arteriosus, evaluation of acute and chronic pulmonary hypertension, evaluation of right and left ventricular systolic and/or diastolic function, and screening for pericardial effusions and/or malpositioned central catheters. Neonatal cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (cPOCUS) is a limited cardiovascular evaluation which may include line tip evaluation, identification of pericardial effusion and differentiation of hypovolemia from severe impairment in myocardial contractility in the hemodynamically unstable neonate. This document is the product of an American Society of Echocardiography task force composed of representatives from neonatology-hemodynamics, pediatric cardiology, pediatric cardiac sonography, and neonatology-cPOCUS. This document provides (1) guidance on the purpose and rationale for both TNE and cPOCUS, (2) an overview of the components of a standard TNE and cPOCUS evaluation, (3) disease and/or clinical scenario–based indications for TNE, (4) training and competency-based evaluative requirements for both TNE and cPOCUS, and (5) components of quality assurance.

中文翻译：

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新生儿重症监护病房针对性新生儿超声心动图和心脏护理点超声的指南和建议：美国超声心动图协会的最新动态

靶向新生儿超声心动图（TNE）涉及使用综合超声心动图评估心血管生理学和新生儿血流动力学，以提高新生儿重症监护病房的诊断和治疗精度。自 2011 年上一次发布 TNE 指南以来，通过正式的新生儿血流动力学奖学金、临床项目的发展以及科学知识的扩展以进一步加强临床护理，该领域已经成熟。 TNE 最常见的适应症包括判定动脉导管未闭的血流动力学意义、评估急性和慢性肺动脉高压、评估右心室和左心室收缩和/或舒张功能，以及筛查心包积液和/或中心导管错位。新生儿心脏床旁超声 (cPOCUS) 是一种有限的心血管评估，可能包括线尖评估、心包积液的识别以及血流动力学不稳定的新生儿低血容量与心肌收缩力严重受损的鉴别。本文件是美国超声心动图协会工作组的成果，该工作组由新生儿学-血流动力学、儿科心脏病学、儿科心脏超声检查和新生儿学-cPOCUS 的代表组成。本文件提供 (1) 关于 TNE 和 cPOCUS 的目的和基本原理的指导，(2) 标准 TNE 和 cPOCUS 评估组成部分的概述，(3) 基于疾病和/或临床场景的 TNE 适应症，( 4) TNE 和 cPOCUS 的培训和基于能力的评估要求，以及 (5) 质量保证的组成部分。