Bi₂Se₃, MXenes, and SWCNTs are promising potential alternatives to replace the conventional graphite in the anodes of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and enhance their performance. However, all these materials have drawbacks, such as large volume expansion and Se dissolution (Bi₂Se₃), large irreversible capacity (SWCNTs), and poor specific capacity (MXenes). In this work, a combination of nanostructured Bi₂Se₃ and MXenes with SWCNTs in Bi₂Se₃/MXene/SWCNT heterostructures is used as a novel architecture for binder-free anode material in non-aqueous LIBs. Bi₂Se₃/MXene/SWCNT heterostructures with different Bi₂Se₃ : MXene : SWCNT mass ratios were fabricated by direct physical vapour deposition of Bi₂Se₃ nanostructures onto MXene/SWCNT networks. Bi₂Se₃/MXene/SWCNT heterostructures showed improved electrochemical performance in comparison with the individual components of the heterostructures. This enhancement can be attributed to the high electrode/electrolyte contact area provided by the nanostructured materials, leading to a substantial capacitive contribution to charge storage. In addition, the formation of Se–C bonds on SWCNT surfaces prevented the dissolution of Se. The best performance was shown by Bi₂Se₃/MXene/SWCNT heterostructures with the mass ratio of 1 : 1 : 2, which reached capacity of 738 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ after 100 cycles. Moreover, after 900 cycles at 10.0 A g⁻¹ current density, these heterostructures retained an excellent capacity of 320 mA h g⁻¹. This performance indicates significant potential for Bi₂Se₃/MXenes/SWCNTs heterostructures as binder-free anodes for high-rate-performance lithium-ion batteries.

中文翻译：

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高性能 Bi2Se3/MXene/SWCNT 异质结构作为锂离子电池中的无粘合剂阳极

Bi ₂ Se ₃、MXenes 和 SWCNT 是有前景的潜在替代品，可替代锂离子电池 (LIB) 阳极中的传统石墨并提高其性能。然而，所有这些材料都存在缺点，例如体积膨胀和Se溶解大（Bi ₂ Se ₃）、不可逆容量大（SWCNT）和比容量差（MXenes）。在这项工作中，纳米结构的 Bi ₂ Se ₃和 MXene 与 Bi ₂ Se ₃ /MXene/SWCNT 异质结构中的 SWCNT的组合被用作非水性 LIB 中无粘合剂阳极材料的新型结构。通过将Bi ₂ Se ₃纳米结构直接物理气相沉积到MXene/SWCNT网络上来制造具有不同Bi ₂ Se ₃  : MXene : SWCNT质量比的Bi ₂ Se ₃ /MXene/SWCNT异质结构。与异质结构的各个组分相比，Bi ₂ Se ₃ /MXene/SWCNT 异质结构表现出改进的电化学性能。这种增强可归因于纳米结构材料提供的高电极/电解质接触面积，从而对电荷存储产生显着的电容贡献。此外，SWCNT 表面上 Se-C 键的形成阻止了 Se 的溶解。质量比为1:1:2的Bi ₂ Se ₃ /MXene/SWCNT异质结构表现出最好的性能，在0.1 A g ^-1下循环100次后容量达到738 mA hg ^-1。此外，在10.0 A g ^{-1电流密度下循环900次后，这些异质结构保留了320 mA hg -1}的优异容量。该性能表明 Bi ₂ Se ₃ /MXenes/SWCNT 异质结构作为高性能锂离子电池的无粘合剂阳极具有巨大潜力。