The gut microbiome harbors trillions of organisms that contribute to human health and disease. These bacteria can also affect the properties of medical drugs used to treat these diseases, and drugs, in turn, can reshape the microbiome. Research addressing interdependent microbiome-host-drug interactions thus has broad impact. In this Review, we discuss these interactions from the perspective of drug bioavailability, absorption, metabolism, excretion, toxicity, and drug-mediated microbiome modulation. We survey approaches that aim to uncover the mechanisms underlying these effects and opportunities to translate this knowledge into new strategies to improve the development, administration, and monitoring of medical drugs.

中文翻译：

---

整合肠道微生物组和药理学


肠道微生物群拥有数万亿种对人类健康和疾病有贡献的生物体。这些细菌还会影响用于治疗这些疾病的药物的特性，而药物反过来又可以重塑微生物组。因此，解决相互依赖的微生物组-宿主-药物相互作用的研究具有广泛的影响。在这篇综述中，我们从药物生物利用度、吸收、代谢、排泄、毒性和药物介导的微生物组调节的角度讨论了这些相互作用。我们调查了旨在揭示这些影响背后的机制的方法，以及将这些知识转化为改进医疗药物的开发、管理和监测的新策略的机会。